我国城镇污水处理厂发展历程及技术建议

Development history and technical suggestions of urban sewage treatment plants in China

介绍了我国污水处理厂建设情况及空间分布,各区域污水处理设施建设及运行情况不均衡,东部沿海地区污水处理厂数量、处理能力、管网长度及运行负荷远高于中西部。对污水处理厂的运营成本进行了分析,我国城镇污水年处理费用达到509亿元,其中广东、江苏、山东、浙江费用均高达30亿元以上。综述了污水处理厂的处理工艺及运行情况,提出今后应针对中小城市及西北地区出台相应的污水处理及排放标准、提取污水中的营养物质(如氮、磷)、提高污水处理厂的能源自给率,实现碳中和。

The construction situation and space distribution of sewage treatment plants in China were introduced,which showed that the construction and operation situation of sewage treatment facilities in different areas were disequilibrium,the amount,treatment capacity,pipeline length and operation load of sewage treatment plants in eastern coastal regions were much higher than that in central and western regions.The operation cost of those sewage treatment plants were analyzed,it could be seen that the annual cost of urban sewage treatment reached 50.9 billion yuan,Guangdong,Jiangsu,Shandong and Zhejiang provinces were the top 4 and cost more than 3 billion yuan.The process and operation situation of those sewage treatment plants were elaborated,it was pointed out that,according to the situation of small and medium-sized cities and northwest regions,relevant sewage treatment and discharge standards would be introduced in the future,so as to extract nutrients(such as nitrogen and phosphorus)from sewage,improve energy self-sufficiency rate,and realize carbon neutralization.