生境对挺水植物生长的影响及其反馈作用机制综述

A review of the influence of habitat on emergent macrophyte growth and its feedback mechanism

湿地水生植物生态恢复是国内外广泛关注的热点。本文将影响挺水植物生长的生境条件分为三类:主要限制因子、重要约束因子以及一般影响因子。其中,水深对挺水植物不同生长阶段起着最主要的限制作用,不同生长阶段其需水量也不同,为主要限制因子;光照、温度、p H、营养盐、有机污染物、底质等对挺水植物生长影响也较明显,各生境因子存在一定的取值范围满足挺水植物最佳生长的需要,为重要约束因子;水流、水体盐度、水体重金属、生物因素适宜取值范围相对较大且作用程度较低,影响较小,属一般影响因子。同时,挺水植物生长对生境也起到净化水质、调节区域小气候、改良土壤、抑制藻类生长等作用。因此,在挺水植物管理方面应重视控制水深和外源污染输入,修复和改善挺水植物生境条件,合理构建挺水植物群落等。

The ecological restoration of aquatic plants in wetlands is a hotspot in research area.Based on the habitat conditions of emergent macrophytes,we classified the habitat factors affecting emergent macrophyte growth into three categories,including main limiting factors,important constraining factors,and general influencing factors.Among these factors,water depth plays the most important limiting role on different growth stages of emergent macrophytes,with water demands varying among different growth stages.It is thus considered as the main limiting factor.Light,temperature,p H,nutrient,organic pollutant,and substrate have obvious impacts on the growth of emergent macrophytes.Each habitat factor has its specific range to meet the needs of optimal growth of macrophyte growth,which are the important constraining factors.The suitable ranges of water current,salinity,heavy metal,and biotic factor are relatively wide and have weak impacts,they are therefore considered as the general influencing factors.The growth of emergent macrophytes play important roles in purifying water quality,regulating microclimate,improving soil quality,and inhibiting algae growth.The management of emergent macrophytes should pay attention to the control of water depth and exogenous pollution input,the restoration and improvement of the habitat conditions of emergent macrophytes,and the rational construction of emergent macrophyte communities.