隐藏在幕后的君主--《六十种曲》君主出场方式研究

The Monarch Hidden Behind the Curtain--a Study of the Appearance of the Monarch in the Sixty Kinds of Songs

君主作为封建社会的最高统治者,往往既神秘又威严,在《六十种曲》中有一半以上的曲目中有和君主相关的情节,但仅有极少数曲目正面刻画君主形象,多数曲目中的君主总是“躲在”幕后,用“黄门传话”或“颁布圣旨”推动曲中剧情的发展,君主只在特殊情况下才会出场。这种现象和君王拥有的绝对话语权是分不开的,封建社会戏曲艺人地位低下,法令中又频频规定禁演皇帝,让戏曲中涉及君主的情节只能以另一种形式呈现。

As the supreme ruler of feudal society,the monarch is often mysterious and dignified.In Sixty Kinds of Songs,more than half of the songs have plots related to the monarch,but only a few of them depict the image of the monarch positively.The monarchs in most of the songs always hide behind the scenes and use"eunuch preaching"or"promulgating imperial edicts"to promote the development of the plots in the songs.Monarchs appear only in special circumstances.This phenomenon cannot be separated from the absolute right of discourse possessed by the monarch.In feudal society,the status of opera artists was low,and the emperor's performance was frequently prohibited by laws,so that the plots involving the monarch in opera could only be presented in another form.