苏州市姑苏区居民膳食质量评价及均衡性影响因素分析

Evaluation of the overall dietary quality and factors associated with its balance among residents in Gusu district,Suzhou

目的了解苏州市姑苏区18岁及以上居民的整体膳食质量和膳食均衡性的影响因素。方法选用2018—2019年苏州市姑苏区居民食物消费和健康状况调查中18岁及以上具有完整食物频率(food frequency questionnaire,FFQ)调查资料的1071例居民,用修订版膳食平衡指数(dietary balance index,DBI-16)评估其膳食质量;用多重线性回归分析反映膳食均衡性的膳食质量距(dietary quality distance,DQD)的影响因素。结果姑苏区居民主要的膳食问题是蔬菜摄入不足的人群比例为75.4%,水果和奶类不足的比例为90.8%和90.1%,肉类、食用油和盐摄入过量的比例分别为63.9%、42.6%、50.3%;性别和文化程度均与DQD存在显著相关(P<0.001),而生活行为特征与DQD无关联。结论姑苏区居民整体膳食处于低度摄入不足和膳食不均衡,少数人存在低/中度摄入过量的问题;女性和文化程度高的人群趋向于膳食更加均衡,政府部门需继续加强营养健康宣教,提高人群健康饮食意识。

Objective To understand the overall dietary quality and influencing factors associated with the dietary balance among residents aged≥18 years in Gusu district,Suzhou.Methods A total of 1071 participants aged 18 and over with complete food frequency questionnaire(FFQ)data from the food consumption and health survey in Gusu district,Suzhou in 2018—2019 were enrolled in the study.The overall dietary quality of the participants was evaluated by the revised dietary balance index(DBI-16).The influencing factors of dietary quality distance(DQD),which reflected the balance of diet was analyzed by multiple linear regression.Results The main dietary problems of residents in Gusu district were that 75.4%of the population had insufficient vegetable intake,90.8%and 90.1%had insufficient fruit and milk intake,and 63.9%,42.6%and 50.3%had excessive meat,edible oil and salt intake,respectively.Gender and education level were significantly correlated with DQD(P<0.001),but life behavior characteristics were not correlated with DQD.Conclusion The overall diet of residents in Gusu district is in the low degree of insufficient intake and unbalanced diet,and a few people have the problem of low/moderate excessive intake.Women and people with higher education tend to have a more balanced diet.Government departments need to continue to strengthen nutrition and health education to improve people's awareness of healthy diet.