核酸适配体生物传感器应用于食品抗生素残留检测的研究进展

Progress of aptamer-based biosensor for the detection of antibiotics residues in food

食品安全已成为全球性的话题,由于其与人类健康密切相关从而引起了人们的极大关注。开发简单、快速的分析技术实现食品中有害化学物质筛查、检测,对确保食品安全是至关重要的。抗生素在农业畜牧业中发挥了巨大作用,但是抗生素的不合理使用也导致了抗生素滥用现象,引发了严重的动物源食品安全问题,对人类健康产生了威胁。虽然目前已经有很多抗生素的检测方法,但在检测的灵敏性和量化分析方面仍然存在挑战,因此,建立抗生素的快速、准确分析方法,对管控抗生素合理使用、评估环境风险具有重要意义。本文综述了核酸适配体生物传感技术在抗生素检测方面的应用,重点介绍了电化学、比色法、荧光法3类传感器的检测原理及应用现状,并阐述了不同传感检测方法的优缺点,最后对抗生素适配体传感技术存在问题及未来发展前景进行了讨论,以期为今后适配体技术特异性研究提供参考。

Food safety is a global topic,and it has attracted great concerns as it is closely related to the human health.Developing analytical techniques that are simple and suitable for fast screening and detection of toxic chemicals in food are vital to ensure food safety.Antibiotics have played an important role in agriculture and animal husbandry,but the irrational use of antibiotics has led to the abuse of antibiotics,causing serious animal-derived food safety issues and threatening the human health.Although there are a variety of detection methods for antibiotic,there are still challenges in the sensitive and quantitative detection for antibiotic.Therefore,the establishment of rapid and accurate methods for antibiotics is of great significance for controlling the rational use of antibiotics and assessing environmental risks.This paper summarized the application of DNA aptamer biosensing technology in the detection of antibiotics,focused on the sensing principles and application progress of 3 types of sensors:Electrochemical,colorimetric and fluorescent,demonstrated the advantages and disadvantages of different sensing methods,and finally discussed the problems and future prospects of the aptamer biosensing technology,in order to provide reference for the future research on the specificity of aptamer technology.