以“事实收养”合法化为重心构建新型收养模式

Construction of a New Adoption Model Centered on the Legalization of "De Facto Adoption"

我国目前的收养制度并不完善,长期存在的“事实收养”关系因缺乏适当的保障措施导致许多儿童的身心健康受到侵害。当前,“事实收养”合法化面临重重困难,而在“事实收养”大量存在、儿童权益无法得到有效保障的背景下,其合法化具有实践的必要性。以保护未成年人合法权益为出发点,通过对法律条文进行目的解释,可以得出“事实收养”合法化在学理上及法律上均具有合理性。以构建新型收养模式为目标,提出三种实践路径:完善相关法律法规,发挥目的解释在法条解释中的作用,完善送养寄养制度。

Our country′s current adoption system is not perfect,and the lack of adequate safeguards for the long-standing"de facto adoption"relationship has caused many children′s physical and mental health being violated.At present,the legalization of"de facto adoption"is faced with numerous difficulties,and under the background that there are lots of cases of"de facto adoption"and violation of the rights and interests of children,the legislative practice has become a necessary step.This paper,taking the protection of the legitimate rights and interests of minors as a starting point,and by explaining the purpose of the legal provisions,draws a conclusion that the legalization of"factual adoption"is both academically and legallyreasonable.With the goal of constructing a new adoption model,three appropriate approaches are proposed:improving relevant laws and regulations,playing the role of purpose interpretation in legal interpretation,and perfecting the foster care system.