非洲猪瘟病毒的侵染机制及疫苗研究进展

Perspectives for development of African swine fever virus infection mechanism and vaccine

非洲猪瘟病毒(African swine fever virus,ASFV)是一种对于养猪业危害极其严重的病毒,具有高致死性和强传染性的特点,每年该病对世界养猪业造成了数十亿美金的经济损失。2018年8月,中国首次报道了非洲猪瘟疫情。ASFV属于双链DNA病毒,基因组为170~193 kb,能够编码150~167个病毒蛋白。ASFV主要利用网格蛋白介导的吞噬和大胞饮的过程感染宿主的单核-巨噬细胞,同时还能促进细胞内囊泡运输过程,为病毒的复制提供条件。目前,对于该病还尚无可用的疫苗,但相关疫苗研究已累积一定前期结果。

African swine fever virus(ASFV)is highly lethal and contagious,it is extremely harmful to the swine industry and causes billions of dollars economic losses to the world swine industry every year.In August 2018,China reported the first episode of ASFV infection.ASFV is a double-stranded DNA virus with a 170-193 kb genome and encoding 150-167 viral proteins.ASFV primarily infects monocyte-macrophage via clathrin-mediated phagocytosis and macropinocytosis,at the same time,it can promote the process of intracellular vesicular transport,providing conditions for the replication of ASFV.So far,there is no available ASFV vaccine,but the related vaccine research has accumulated some preliminary results.The article reviews the progress of ASFV infection mechanism and vaccine research,in order to provide some reference for research on ASFV infection and prevention.