近5年国内外养老机构老年人营养现状系统评价

A systematic review of the nutritional status of the elderly in home care institutions in recent 5 years

目的以描述性系统综述的方法,对国内外近5年养老机构老年人营养现状水平进行系统梳理。方法检索PubMed、Embase、CNKI中国知网、万方数据、维普等数据库2014年1月1日至2018年12月31日的相关文献。根据纳入和排除标准筛选文献、提取资料,并进行分析。结果初次检索文献共得885篇文献标题及摘要,根据纳入排除标准进行筛选,最终纳入36篇文献,其中中文文献14篇,英文文献22篇。结论亚洲国家较欧洲国家养老机构老年人群营养状况相对较差,老年人群营养状况与年龄、性别的相关性目前相关证据尚不统一,有待于进一步相关研究证实。老年病累积情况的数量与营养状况相关,同时营养状况较差会增加老年病患者的数量。营养不良与心血管、消化道、痴呆、糖尿病、呼吸系统、肌少症等老年常见疾病相关,并与预期死亡率直接相关。MNA和MNA-SF量表更适合于养老机构老年人营养评判,对于无法获得BMI的人群,可以小腿围代替BMI进行评定。合理改善老年人群营养状况,对维持老年人正常的生理功能、提高机体免疫力和抗病能力、预防和控制疾病发展、延缓衰老进程都能起到重要作用。

Objective Based on Descriptive Systematic review,this paper systematically reviews the nutritional status of the elderly in institutions for the aged in recent five years at home and abroad.Methods Search literatures from PubMed,Embase,CNKI China HowNet,Wanfang data and vip database.The retrieval time is from January 1,2014 to December 31,2019.According to the inclusion and exclusion criteria,we screened literatures,extracted data and analyzed them.Results A total of 885 titles and abstracts were retrieved for the first time.Documents were screened according to inclusion exclusion criteria,A total of 36 articles were included,including 14 Chinese literatures and 22 English articles.Conclusion The nutritional status of the elderly in Asian countries is relatively poor compared with that in European countries.At present,there is no uniform evidence about the correlation between the nutritional status of the elderly and their age and gender.It needs to be confirmed by further research.The number of geriatric disease accumulations is related to nutritional status.At the same time,poor nutritional status will increase the number of elderly patients.Malnutrition is related to cardiovascular,digestive tract,dementia,diabetes,respiratory system,sarcopenia,and directly related to expected mortality.MNA and MNA-SF scales are more suitable for nutritional assessment of the elderly in pension institutions.For those who can not obtain BMI,leg circumference can replace BMI.Reasonable improvement of the nutritional status of the elderly plays an important role in maintaining the normal physiological function of the elderly,improving immunity and disease resistance,preventing and controlling the development of diseases,and delaying the aging process.