世界地理结构与美国的全球战略及军力设计

World geographic structure and U.S. global strategy and military force design

本文旨在阐明世界地理结构在大国战略制定及军力设计中的基础性作用,以助于认识中国全球发展道路上面临的地缘安全风险和机遇。由于世界陆地、人口和经济活动相对集中于东半球特别是欧亚大陆,欧亚大陆历来是世界大国逐鹿的中心舞台。美国作为人类历史上第一个非欧亚大陆上的霸权国家,一直把防范欧亚大陆上出现区域性霸权作为国家安全的最高目标。本文从世界地理结构及其动态变化的角度,分析东半球尤其是欧亚大陆孕育世界大国和人类文明的地理优势,解析美国的地理区位对其早期崛起的影响,以及在这一地理条件下其全球战略的形成,并重点探讨美国基于防范欧亚大陆出现区域性霸权的全球军力设计。文章最后指出,在中美战略博弈中,位于欧亚大陆东缘的中国具有天然的地缘优势。

This paper examines the effects of the world geographical structure on national security strategy and military force design of great powers, so as to help understand the geo-security risks and opportunities that China is facing on its global development path.As the most of world’s land, population and economic activities are concentrated in the eastern hemisphere, especially in Eurasia, Eurasia has always been the central arena for world powers to compete.As the first non-Eurasian hegemonic power in the human history, the United States has always regarded the prevention of regional hegemony on the Eurasian continent as the supreme goal of its national security.From the perspective of the world geographical structure and its dynamic changes, this paper analyzes the geographical advantages of the eastern hemisphere, especially Eurasia, which gave birth to the world powers and human civilization.It also analyzes the influence of the geographical location of the United States on its early rise, the formation of its global strategy under this geographical condition, particularly, and the global military design of the United States based on preventing the emergence of regional hegemony in Eurasia.Finally, It points out that in the strategic game between China and the United States, China, which is located in the eastern edge of Eurasia, has natural geographical advantages.