中国西部城市国际货运班列的线路特征、货物类型及货源组织

Route characteristics, cargo types and source organization of international freight trains in western China

中欧班列的开行为内陆地区的商品贸易提供了新的通道选择,而货物的货源是班列运行的基础。基于我国西部中欧班列首发城市开行路线及运输货物的种类信息建立可视化地图及有向网络图,探索班列开行的线路特征、货物类型及货源组织特征。研究表明,西部地区近年来国际货运班列开通线路快速扩张、运输货物类别更加丰富,且通行班列、运输产品类型与通关口岸的过货能力、境外终点城市间表现出一定的联系性与规律性;传统重工业/资源型产业基地与产业转移、西部中心城市和交通枢纽的组织、同境外城市民族文化相似性与贸易互补性以及地方政府的支持为西部城市国际货运班列的货源组织提供了保障。建议应合理规划班列路线及过境口岸、组织新货源、加大西部地区特色优势产业的政策支持等,从而进一步提升西部城市中欧班列的运营发展和效益。

The opening of China Railway Express provides a new channel choice for commodity trade in inland areas, and the source of goods is the basis for the operation of the railway.The article builds the visual map and directed network graph based on the route of the starting cities of China Railway Express in western China and the information of cargo type to explore the line characteristics, cargo types and source organization characteristics of the train operation.The research shows the opening of international freight trains in the western China has expanded rapidly in recent years and the types of goods transported have become more abundant.Moreover,there is a certain connection and regularity among the China Railway Express, the types of transport products, the passing capacity of the customs clearance ports, and overseas terminal.Traditional heavy industry/resource-based industrial bases and industrial transfers, the organization of central cities and transportation hubs in the west, the similarity of ethnic cultures and trade complementarities in foreign cities, and the support of local governments have provided guarantees for the source organization of China Railway Express.Finally, the article proposes that we should rational plan the train routes and ports, organize new sources of goods, and strengthen the policy support for the characteristic and advantageous industries in the western region.This will further enhance the operational development and efficiency of China Railway Express in western China.