火麻油和茶多酚对三黄鸡生长性能和屠宰性能的影响

Effects of hemp seeds oil and tea polyphenols on the growth performance and slaughter performance of Sanhuang chicken

为了研究日粮中添加火麻油和茶多酚对三黄鸡生长性能和屠宰性能的影响,试验将108只90日龄的三黄鸡按公母比例相同、体重相近的原则随机分为6组,即对照组、试验1,2,3,4,5组,每组3个重复,每个重复6只鸡。对照组饲喂基础日粮,试验1,2,3,4,5组分别饲喂添加2%火麻油、2%火麻油和200 mg/kg茶多酚、2%火麻油和300 mg/kg茶多酚、3%火麻油和200 mg/kg茶多酚、3%火麻油和300 mg/kg茶多酚的试验日粮,预试期7 d,正试期35 d。试验期间每天记录试验鸡的采食量,试验第1天和第35天每只鸡空腹称重,计算总增重、平均日增重、总采食量、平均日采食量和料重比指标;试验第35天每个重复选择1只鸡进行屠宰,测定屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率、腿肌率和腹脂率指标。结果表明:试验2,4组的总增重和平均日增重有所提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05);试验1,3,5组的总增重和平均日增重较对照组显著提高(P<0.05);其中试验3组的总增重和平均日增重略低于试验5组(P>0.05),但高于其他各组;试验1,2组总采食量和平均日采食量与对照组比差异不显著(P>0.05),但试验3,4,5组的总采食量和平均日采食量则较对照组显著提高(P<0.05);试验2,4组的料重比低于对照组,但是差异不显著(P>0.05);试验1,3,5组的料重比与对照组比较显著降低(P<0.05);其中试验3组料重比略高于试验1,5组(P>0.05),低于其他各组;试验1,2,4,5组的屠宰率较对照组有所提高,但差异不显著(P>0.05),试验3组屠宰率较对照组显著提高(P<0.05);所有试验组的全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率和腿肌率与对照组比较均差异不显著(P>0.05),其中腿肌率均高于对照组;试验3组的屠宰率、全净膛率、半净膛率、胸肌率高于其他各组,效果最好;试验1,3,4,5组的腹脂率较对照组均有所降低,但差异不显著(P>0.05);试验2组的腹脂率显著低于对照组(P<0.05),试验3组腹脂率略高于试验2组(P>0.05),但低于其他各组。说明在日粮中添加火麻油和茶多酚可以提高三黄鸡总增重、平均日增重、屠宰率和腿肌率,还可以降低料重比和腹脂率,能很好地改善三黄鸡生长性能和屠宰性能,添加的适宜比例分别为2%和300 mg/kg。

In order to study the effects of hemp seeds oil and tea polyphenols supplementation on the growth performance and slaughter performance of Sanhuang chicken,a total of 10890-day-old Sanhuang chicken with same male-female ratio and similar weight were randomly divided into 6 groups,namely control group,treatment groups 1,2,3,4 and 5,and with 3 replicates per group and 6 chicks per replicate.The control group was fed with basal diet,treatment groups 1 to 5 was fed with trial diets supplemented with 2%hemp seeds oil,2%hemp seeds oil and 200 mg/kg tea polyphenols,2%hemp seeds oil and 300 mg/kg tea polyphenols,3%hemp seeds oil and 200 mg/kg tea polyphenols,3%hemp seeds oil and 300 mg/kg tea polyphenols,respectively.The preliminary feeding period lasted for 7 days and the trial lasted for 35 days.The feed intake of Sanhuang chickens was recorded daily,each chicken was weighed on an empty stomach on day 1 and 35 of the experiment,and the indexes such as total weight,average daily gain,total feed intake,average daily feed intake and gain feed ratio were calculated.On the 35 th day of rearing,one chicken per replicate was selected and slaughtered to determine the slaughter rate,eviscerated rate,half-eviscerated rate,breast muscle rate,leg muscle rate and abdominal fat rate.The results showed that compared with the control group,the total weight and average daily gain in treatment groups 2 and 4 were increased,but the differences were not significant(P>0.05);the total weight and average daily gain in treatment groups 1,3 and 5 were significantly increased(P<0.05).The total weight gain and average daily gain in treatment group 3 were slightly lower than those in treatment group 5(P>0.05),and higher than those in other groups.compared with the control group,there were no significant differences in total feed intake and average daily feed intake in treatment groups 1 and 2(P>0.05),but the total feed intake and average daily feed intake in treatment groups 3,4 and 5 was significantly increased(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the gain feed ratio in treatment groups 2 and 4 was decreased,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05),and in treatment groups 1,3 and 5 was significantly decreased(P<0.05).The gain feed ratio in treatment groups 3 was slightly higher than that in treatment groups 1 and 5(P>0.05),and lower than that in other groups.Compared with the control group,the slaughter rate of in treatment groups 1,2,4 and 5 was increased,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05),and the slaughter rate of treatment group 3 was significantly increased(P<0.05).There were no significant differences in eviscerated percentage,half-eviscerated percentage,breast muscle percentage and leg muscle percentage between the treatment groups and the control group(P>0.05),and the leg muscle percentage was higher than that of the control group.The slaughter rate,eviscerated percentage,half eviscerated percentage and breast muscle percentage in test group 3 were higher than those in other groups,and the effect was the best.Compared with the control group,abdominal fat rate in experimental groups 1,3,4 and 5 was decreased,but the difference was not significant(P>0.05),but the treatment group 2 was significantly lower than the control group(P<0.05),the treatment group 3 was slightly higher than that in treatment group 2(P>0.05),and lower than that in other groups.The results indicated that the addition of hemp seeds oil and tea polyphenols in the diet could improve the total weight gain,average daily gain,slaughter rate and leg muscle rate of Sanhuang chickens,reduce the ratio of feed to gain and abdominal fat rate,and improve the growth performance and slaughter performance of Sanhuang chickens.The appropriate supplemental ratios were 2%and 300 mg/kg,respectively.