从“索隐”到“开宗”:胡适早期的《红楼梦》阅读及范式意义

From“Index”to“Initiating a School”:Hu Shi’s Early Reading of A Dream of Red Mansions and Its Paradigmatic Significance

胡适早期的《红楼梦》阅读选择经历了由“索隐”倾向到注重“方法”的科学“考证”式转变。这种转变的关键在于胡适注重“工具”与“材料”的研究“方法”革新,藉此强化“新红学”的开创性,促使《红楼梦》文本在胡适“新红学”考证体系下的首要存在身份是一种“史料”而非一部文学作品,最终形成以考证带动阅读获取的文本品评思路。此类“考证”式思路既革新了现代读者之于《红楼梦》的阅读期待及实践路径,亦促使现代读者获得参与《红楼梦》学术研究的入场券。它推动了彼时全民参与《红楼梦》考证的热情,促使“新红学”成为一股带有典范与权威特性,乃至隐含一定群众基础的现代学术潮流。

Hu Shi’s early reading choices of A Dream of Red Mansions had undergone a scientific shift from“an exploration of connotation”to“methods”.The key reason for this change was that Hu Shi paid attention to method innovation of“instruments”and“materials”,and took the opportunity to strengthen a pioneering meaning.This made A Dream of Red Mansions became a“historical work”instead of literature in Hu Shi’s eyes.This textual interpretation method that emphasized textual research had updated the reading expectations of modern readers and practical routes,and prompted modern readers to obtain the qualifications to participate in the research of A Dream of Red Mansions.This action finally promoted the enthusiasm of the whole people to participate in the research of A Dream of Red Mansions at that time,thus forming a modern academic research trend with authority and mass foundation.