暧昧笔致、情理分殊及回心契机——《伤逝》新解

A new explanation of Regret for the past

《伤逝》中隐含作者对叙述者的态度是暧昧的而非确定的,小说的反讽意识面临着断裂,其症候表现在它无法覆盖笼罩全篇的浓烈抒情。这种颇具深意的张力关系根源于鲁迅强烈的读者思维,他依托于情理分殊的双重阅读结构,既完成了对于外在社会内容的历史性描述,又顾念了“解剖我自己”以书写真实的表达需求,一定程度上缓解了在“铁屋子”中启蒙的内在悖论所带来的分裂感。从《伤逝》的深层意蕴来看,涓生的形象是“狂人”的复现,他“回心”式的“罪”的自觉也是作为启蒙者的现代知识分子被“治愈”之后摆脱先觉者的“独醒”意识,获得“清醒”的自我的记录,其中蕴含着现代主体诞生的秘密。鲁迅借此冷峻地反思了高蹈的精英主义启蒙观所得以确立的前提,在与智性读者的对话中重新部署主体介入现实的方式。

The author’s attitude towards the narrator is ambiguous and not certain in Regret for the past.The irony consciousness of the novel is facing a break.The symptom of the break is that it can’t cover the strong lyricism of the whole novel.This kind of profound tension is rooted in Lu Xun’s strong thinking for readers.Relying on the dual reading structure which discriminate between emotions and reasons,he not only completed the historical description of the external social content,but also considered the expressing need of“dissecting myself”to write the truth,which to a certain extent eased the sense of division brought by the inner paradox of enlightenment in the“iron house”.From the deep meaning of Regret for the past,the image of Juansheng is the reappearance of“madman”.His consciousness of“conversion”is also a record of modern intellectuals as enlighteners who get rid of their consciousness of“being sane solely”after being“cured”.It contains the secret of the birth of modern subjects.Lu Xun takes this opportunity to reflect coldly on the premise of elitism enlightenment concept which is out of the common run,and redeployed the subject’s way of involvement in reality in the dialogue with intelligent readers.