清朝中晚期广州涉外园林营造史实研究

The Historical Facts of the Construction of Guangzhou Foreign-related Gardens in the Late Qing Dynasty

广州作为中国重要的港口城市,在清中期经历了“一口通商”政策和两次鸦片战争后,仍然秉承传统朝贡的外交体系。从外交动力机制层面分析,广州私家园林、寺庙园林、苗圃在特殊的历史环境中承担着独特的外事责任,其造园观念、功能和形式都随着外事功能发生改变;鸦片战争时期府衙花园因使用者变更导致空间布局变化;与此同时,广州租界园林问世并快速发展。这些涉外园林的历史演进过程伴随着建造观念的革新,以及功能、布局间的相互推动。

As an important port city in China,Guangzhou still adhered to the traditional diplomatic system of tributary after experiencing the“oneport trade”policy and the two Opium Wars in the middle of the Qing Dynasty.From the perspective of diplomatic dynamics,Guangzhou’s private gardens,temple gardens,and nurseries bored unique responsibilities for foreign affairs in a special historical environment,and their gardening concepts,functions and forms all changed with the functions of foreign affairs.And the spatial layout of government office gardens changed during the Opium War due to the change of users.At the same time,Guangzhou Concession Gardens came out and developed rapidly.The historical evolution of these foreign-related gardens is accompanied by the innovation of construction concepts and the mutual promotion of function and layout.