不同粮仓中稻谷优势霉菌的鉴定及差异性分析

Identification and Analysis of Dominant Molds in Rice in Different Granaries

为了研究稻谷中优势霉菌的种类、数量以及变化趋势,本试验以湖南省3个不同地区稻谷为研究对象,通过初步判断各粮仓优势霉菌,结合分子生物学方法对其ITS序列进行分析,并对稻谷霉菌进行带菌量测定。结果表明,3个粮仓中,金牛仓稻谷中优势菌株分别为根霉、米曲霉、毛霉、黑曲霉、烟曲霉、黄曲霉、白曲霉、桔青霉;金山仓稻谷中优势菌株分别为根霉、米曲霉、毛霉、黑曲霉、黄曲霉、白曲霉、桔青霉;银光仓稻谷中优势菌株分别为根霉、米曲霉、毛霉、黑曲霉、黄曲霉。3个粮仓中根霉数量分布均表现为上层>下层>中层,米曲霉为中层>上层>下层,毛霉、黑曲霉、黄曲霉的分布为上层>中层>下层,同一霉菌在同一粮仓不同粮层间数量存在显著差异(P<0.05);随着储藏时间的延长,米曲霉、黑曲霉、黄曲霉数量逐渐减少,根霉、毛霉数量增加,同一霉菌在不同储藏时间霉菌数量存在差异显著(P<0.05)。本研究结果为稻谷安全储藏与霉菌防控提供了一定的理论依据。

In order to study the variety, quantity and changing trend of dominant molds in rice rice in three different regions of Hunan Province was investigated through preliminary judgment of the dominant molds in each granary, combined with molecular biology methods, the ITS sequence was analyzed, and the amount of bactial of rice mold was analyzed. The results showed that among the three grain silos, the dominant strains in the golden cow barn rice were Rhizopus, Aspergillus oryzae, Mucor, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus kawachi, and Penicillium citrinum. Mold, Aspergillus oryzae, Mucor, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus kawachi, and Penicillium citrinum were the dominant strains in Yinguangcang rice are Rhizopus, Aspergillus oryzae, Mucor, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus. The distribution of the number of Rhizopus in the three granaries was upper layer> lower layer> middle layer, Aspergillus oryzae was middle layer> upper layer> lower layer, and the distribution of Mucor, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus is upper layer> middle layer> lower layer. There were significant difference for the number of the same mold within different grain layers of the same granary(P<0.05);With prolonged storage time, Aspergillus oryzae, Aspergillus niger, and Aspergillus flavus were gradually reduced, and the number of Rhizopus and Mucor increased. There were significant differences in the number of molds of the same mold at different storage times(P<0.05). The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the safe storage of rice and the prevention and control of mold.