日本“城市蜂窝化”的概念、实践及其对我国的启示

The Concept,Practice and Enlightenment of“Urban Perforation”in Japan

随着城市发展环境的变化,世界范围内普遍出现城市收缩现象,引起了国内外学界的高度关注。"城市蜂窝化"是日本提出的城市收缩、低密度化的空间微观表现,这种表现在其他国家也并不鲜见,如何应对"城市蜂窝化"成为实现紧凑城市不可回避的问题。本文首先从蜂窝化的概念、产生原因、影响、当前分布特征入手,回顾相关对策的发展历程。其次对已有的应对实践进行梳理,介绍两方面的对策:(1)应对蜂窝化现实的使用权流转和行政参与;(2)预防蜂窝化出现的契约协定和社区团体建设。最后,文章就我国应对城市蜂窝化提出三点建议,包括转变工作思路、延伸规划控制范围和加强社区团体力量。

With the changes in the urban development environment,urban shrinkage has occurred and drawn the attention of academia in the world."Urban perforation"is a spatial microscopic representation of urban shrinkage and low-density that proposed by Japan,but it is common in other countries as well.How to deal with"urban perforation"is an unavoidable problem in achieving a compact city in the future.This paper summarizes the definition,the causes,the impacts,and the current distribution characteristics of urban perforation,and reviews the development process of relevant countermeasures.Then,based on the existing countermeasures,the paper divides countermeasures into two aspects:solving current problems and preventing measures in the future.Transfer of rights,administrative participation,contractual agreement and community construction are included respectively.In the end,the paper puts forward three suggestions to cope with urban perforation in China,including changing working methods,extending the scope of planning control,and strengthening the power of community.