美国波特兰市住房规划研究与启示

Research and Enlightenment of Housing Planning in Portland,the USA

住房作为基本民生保障,是建设人民城市和提升居民幸福感的第一抓手。在当前城市高质量发展、高品质建设和高效能治理要求下,我国城市住房规划的内涵、内容、方法和实施性有待进一步探索和深化。本文重点研究剖析波特兰市住房规划编制过程与内容,总结其规划属性为"中长期城市发展与空间规划",规划方法和内容主要为"双导向需求预测—多维度空间布局—重点突破政策补充"三部分,规划实施为"规划转区划、评估优规划"两程序,对我国城市住房规划编制具有借鉴意义。结合当前我国城市住房规划特征,建议在住房规划属性上,明晰社会发展规划与国土空间专项规划双重内涵;在规划方法与内容上,精细开展住房问题调查与需求预测,多要素兼顾,优化住房空间布局,增强住房规划政策属性,解决迫切住房问题;在规划实施上,建议专项规划转控规导则推进实施,以近期住房发展规划统筹住房有序发展。

As the guarantee for people’s basic welfare,housing is the primary starting point for building people’s city and improving residents’happiness.Under the calls on high-level urban development,high-quality construction and high-efficiency governance,the connotation,content and implementation of current urban housing system in China need to be further explored and deepened.This paper focuses on the process and content of housing planning in Portland,and summarizes comprehensively the city’s planning attribute,which is called"medium and long-term urban development and spatial planning".The planning method and content could be mainly divided into three parts:dual-oriented demand forecasting,multi-dimensional spatial layout,key breakthrough policy supplement.The planning implementation could be clarified as two procedures:planning to zoning and evaluation to excellent planning,which have significant referential meaning for future urban housing planning in China.Combined with the characteristics of current urban housing planning in China,it suggests that the dual connotations of social development planning and special land space planning be clarified in the property of housing planning.In terms of planning methods and contents,the housing problem investigation and demand forecast should be carried out in detail,and the spatial layout of housing be optimized by taking multiple factors into consideration,and the property of housing planning policy be enhanced to solve the urgent housing problems.Regarding the implementation of the plan,the guidelines for special planning to land the regulations should be promoted,and the short-term housing development plan be coordinated into the orderly development of housing.