汉语“一量名”无定NP主语句研究

A Study of the Indefinite NP Subject Sentence Marked by“Y(i一)+Quantifier+Noun”in Mandarin Chinese

以"一量名"结构为代表的无定NP主语句是汉语中一种比较特殊的句子,它存在的关键在于为句子提供背景信息和描写性场景成分,其中的"一量名"主语除了可以表达数量意义外,在指称意义上有特指和类指两种类型。"一量名"无定名词性主语句很大程度上依赖于篇章环境,与前后语境联系紧密,很少能独立使用,在篇章中主要有背景信息和表示评价两种语用功能特征,特指倾向于提供背景信息,类指主要对一个类别的整体特征进行描述和评价。与"有"字句相比,"一量名"无定NP主语句会受到篇章条件限制,在语篇中表示的话题性比较弱,可以截断前面话题的延续性,起到转移情节的作用,更侧重于对所发生的场景的描述。

The indefinite NP subject sentence represented by the structure of"yi(一)+quantifier+noun"is a special one sentence in Chinese.The key to its licensing conditions is that the sentence provides background information and descriptive scene elements.The subject of"yi(一)+quantifier+noun"can express quantitative meaning and the referential meaning of specific and generic references.It relies on the context of the text,and is rarely used independently.In the text,there are mainly two pragmatic features:background information and expressive evaluation.The specific reference provides background information,and the generic reference mainly describes and evaluates the overall characteristics of a category.Compared with the"you"(有)sentence,"yi(一)+quantifier+noun"indefinite NP subject sentence is restricted by the textual conditions,and the topicality expressed in the text is less.It can cut off the continuity of the topic,transfer the plot and focus more on the description of what happened.