群体心理、情感与认知图景——毕飞宇《推拿》的认知叙述学解读

Social Minds,Emotions and Cognitive Picture:A Cognitive Narrative Interpretation of Bi Feiyu’s Massage

“群体心理”是英国认知叙述学家艾伦·帕尔默提出的概念。他认为,研究小说人物的传统方法多关注个人视角,而忽略群体视角,因此大力提倡“群体心理”。毕飞宇的小说《推拿》聚焦于盲人这一群体,以全知视角分别进入不同人物的内心,塑造了多位个性鲜明的人物形象。其作品中每个人物的内心呈现,大多是以健全人为参照的盲人群体的心理习惯为背景,个人心理成为盲人群体心理的体现。写到盲人的心理侧面时,也会以其他的群体心理作为参照。《推拿》塑造的盲人群像并非千人一面,又由不同的境况和不同性格体现了盲人的不同类型,呈现了较为全面的盲人的谱系。盲人间的情感纠葛与特定群体心理有关,也与生理缺陷及认知错位有关。

“Social minds”is a concept put forward by Allen Palmer,a British cognitive narrator.In his opinion,the traditional methods for novel character study pay more attention to individual perspective,while ignoring social perspective,thus he advocates“social minds.”Massage focuses on blind people,and enters the hearts of different characters from an omniscient perspective,creating many characters with distinct personalities.The inner presentation of each character in his works is mostly based on the psychological habits of blind people with healthy people as reference,and personal psychology becomes the embodiment of the social minds of blind people.When writing about the psychological aspect of blind people,he also refers to other group psychology.The group image of blind people created by Massage is not all of a piece,but reflects different types of blind people in different situations and different personalities,showing a more comprehensive pedigree of blind people.Emotional entanglements among blind people are related to specific social minds,as well as physiological defects and cognitive dislocation.