欧洲经济与货币联盟改革及其结构性困境

The European Economic and Monetary Union:Reforms amid A Structural Dilemma

2009年欧洲主权债务危机发生后,欧盟内部逐渐形成了对多层治理格局下的欧洲经济与货币联盟进行改革的共识。欧洲主权债务危机的警示、欧盟内部的改革共识以及欧盟委员会的协调,是欧洲经济与货币联盟改革得以启动的主要动因。这一改革的根本目标在于降低潜在经济风险。为实现改革目标,欧盟采取了完善欧洲央行机构职能、强化财政联盟建设和加强银行监管等一系列措施。欧洲经济与货币联盟改革所取得的积极成果,如促进欧元区经济恢复、减少不良贷款和加强成员国财政政策协调等,凸显出多层治理模式在欧盟经济治理中的韧性。但是,改革所面临的进展缓慢、完成度不高和效果不理想等困境,也体现出多层治理格局中存在的目标、权力和责任分散等结构性问题的消极影响。多层治理格局存在的结构性问题及其造成的改革困境表明多层治理模式并不足以支撑欧洲一体化顺利向前发展,同时也体现出平衡不同层次行为体利益偏好的重要性。从长远来看,多层治理格局下目标、权力和责任分散等问题或将对欧洲一体化的发展产生持续的不利影响。

After the European Sovereign Debt Crisis broke out in 2009,the European Union reached a consensus to reform the European Economic and Monetary Union(EMU)under the multi-level governance model.The crisis itself,the growing EU consensus,and the coordination of the European Commission are the main reasons for launching the reform of the EMU.In terms of reform goals,the reform’s ultimate goal is to reduce potential economic risks.To this end,the EU has adopted a series of measures such as improving the functions of the European Central Bank and other institutions,strengthening the role of the Financial Union,and tightening bank regulation and supervision.The positive results of the reform,including promoting the economic recovery of the Eurozone,reducing nonperforming loans,and strengthening the coordination of member states’fiscal policies,highlight the resilience of the multi-level governance model in EU economic governance.However,the difficulties faced by the reform,such as slow progress,poor completion,and unsatisfactory reform results,reflect the negative impact of structural problems represented by decentralization of goals,powers,and responsibilities under the multi-level governance model.In a more profound sense,the reform dilemma caused by the multi-level governance model also implies the EU’s collective action dilemma and severe inequality.In the long run,issues such as the decentralization of goals,powers,and responsibilities under the multi-level governance model may have a persistent and adverse impact on European integration.