经典名方身痛逐瘀汤药材精准炮制方法的研究

A Study on the Precise Processing Method of the Classical Prescription Shentong Zhuyu Decoction

目的对身痛逐瘀汤中各药材进行最佳炮制工艺研究,为身痛逐瘀汤“物质基准”的制备工艺研究提供实验基础。方法以道地药材为原料,测定各药材2020版《中华人民共和国药典》中指标成分以及浸出物的含量,并以此为单因素考察指标,从喷水量、喷淋次数、闷润时间、切制规格、干燥温度和炒制时间、炒制温度等多方面进行考察,取最相关因素进行方差分析,以及建立单成分炮制火候模型,最终确定最佳炮制工艺。结果经过单因素和正交实验综合得,当归药材的最佳炮制工艺为初步净制后,闷润时间2 h,切制1~2 mm,60℃干燥;甘草药材的最佳炮制工艺为初步净制后,蒸制时间30 min,切制1~2 mm,80℃干燥;牛膝药材的最佳炮制工艺为初步净制,闷润时间1.0 h,切制7~8 mm,70℃干燥;秦艽药材的最佳炮制工艺为初步净制后喷秦艽重量0.5倍的水3次,闷润0.5 h,切制9~10 mm,70℃干燥;羌活药材的最佳炮制工艺为初步净制,喷羌活重量0.8倍的水3次,闷润2.5 h,切制7~8 mm,50℃干燥;川芎药材的最佳炮制工艺为初步净制,浸泡时间2 h,润软12 h后,切制9~10 mm,50℃干燥;地龙的最佳炮制工艺,即加地龙重量2倍水,淘洗时间2 min,切制3~4 mm,80℃干燥;桃仁的最佳炮制工艺即沸水烫时间5 min,冷水浸泡冷却1 min,80℃干燥;红花药材的炮制为取红花原药材,除去杂质、花萼及花柄,筛去灰屑,制得红花炮制品;香附药材的炮制为除去毛须及杂质,碾碎,得香附炮制品;没药药材的炮制为拣净杂质,大颗粒的没药碾碎为小颗粒,即得没药的炮制品;五灵脂药材为清炒,具体炮制火候模型为H_(原儿茶酸)=15.680.1398/T^(2)e^(686.37/T)。对最佳炮制工艺下炮制的炮制品进行性状、水分及指标成分含量鉴定,12味饮片含量及性状鉴定均符合2020版《中华人民共和国药典》中水分含量的标准,15批饮片质量初步符合标准。结论本实验确定的身痛逐瘀汤中12味药材的炮制工艺可行,可为身痛逐瘀汤物质基础的制备工艺提供依据。

Objective To study the best processing technology of Shentong Zhuyu Decoction,and to provide experimental basis for the preparation technology of Shentong Zhuyu Decoction.Methods Genuine medicinal materials was used as raw materials,the determination of the content of index components and extracts in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition of medicinal materials was taken as the single factor index,and the water spraying amount,spraying times,moistening time,cutting specifications,drying temperature and frying time,frying temperature and other aspects were investigated.The most relevant factors were selected for variance analysis,and the single component processing fire model was established.Finally,the best processing technology was determined.Results Through single factor and orthogonal experiments,the best processing technology of Danggui(Angelicae Sinensis Radix)was as follows:after preliminary purification,moistening time was 2 hours,cutting 1~2 mm,drying at 60℃;the best processing technology of Gancao(Glycyrrhizae Radix Et Rhizoma)was as follows:after preliminary purification,steaming time was 30 minutes,cutting 1~2 mm,drying at 80℃;the best processing technology of Niuxi(Achyranthis Bidentatae Radix)was as follows:preliminary purification,moistening time was 1 hour,cutting 7~8 mm,drying at 70℃;the best processing technology of Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)was as follows:spray water 0.5 times the weight of Qinjiao(Gentianae Macrophyllae Radix)three times,moistening 0.5 hours,cutting 9~10 mm,drying at 70℃;the best processing technology of Qianghuo(Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix)was as follows:spray water 0.8 times the weight of Qianghuo(Notopterygii Rhizoma Et Radix)three times,moistening 2.5 hours,cutting 7~8 mm,drying at 50℃;the best processing technology of Chuanxiong(Chuanxiong Rhizoma)was as follows:initial purification,soaking for 2 hours,moistening for 12 hours,cutting 9~10 mm,drying at 50℃;the best processing technology of Dilong(Pheretima)was adding 2 times of Dilong(Pheretima)weight water,washing time was 2 minutes,cutting 3~4 mm,drying at 80℃;the best processing technology of Taoren(Persicae Semen)was boiling water for 5 minutes,soaking in cold water for 1 minute,drying at 80℃;the processing technology of Honghua(Carthami Flos)medicinal material was taking safflower raw material,removing impurities,calyx and flower stalk,screening ash to get Honghua(Carthami Flos)processed products;the processing technology of Xiangfu(Cyperi Rhizoma)medicinal material was picking up the impurities and grinding them to obtain Xiangfu(Cyperi Rhizoma)processed products;the processing of Moyao(Myrrha)medicinal material was sorting out impurities,and grinding the large particles of Moyao(Myrrha)into small particles to obtain Moyao(Myrrha)processed products;Wulingzhi(Faeces Trogopterori)medicinal materials were stir-fried,and the specific processing model was H_(原儿茶酸)=15.680.1398/T^(2)e^(686.37/T).The properties,moisture content and index component content of processed products processed under the best processing technology were identified.The results showed that the content and properties of 12 decoction pieces were in accordance with the standard of water content in Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 edition,and the quality of 15 batches of decoction pieces was in line with the standard.Conclusion The processing technology of 12 herbs in Shentong Zhuyu Decoction is feasible,which can provide the basis for the preparation of material basis of Shentong Zhuyu Decoction.