从新高考透视我国公共教育政策走向

Perspective of China’s Public Education Policy Trend from the New Policy for College Entrance Examination

新高考政策旨在扩大学生的选择权、高校的招生自主权,增加高校人才培养与产业发展的匹配度,实现高考政策从选拔到兼顾育人的价值转型。在公共政策的复杂实施系统中,"选科走班"在高中学校的实践中表现为"选科容易走班难"、高中生综合素质评价结果在高校招生实践中没有得到真正参考、部分省份放缓执行新高考政策的节奏。从高考政策变化中的利益相关者分析发现,政策影响利弊各有:其中地方政府的政策执行难度加大,执行效果亦受限于政策执行决策空间和专业模式;落实高校招生自主权取得突破,"专业+学校"招生模式给予高校专业化的空间;高中教师短期内工作难度、强度增大,但其专业发展将长远受益;高中学生成为新高考政策的最大受益者,其个性化发展需求得到满足。新高考政策需要明确中央与地方的决策权限、明晰分权合作共治框架;教育治理须尊重科学规律,纵向上健全国家公共教育决策机制;引入教育政策执行评价,逐步确立公共教育政策的决策与执行评价的平衡机制;完善社会组织参与、协同社会治理的机制,引导民众力量有序参与公共教育治理;顺应新公共管理发展趋势,引导新高考决策体系走向教育善治。

The purpose of the new college entrance examination policy is to expand students’choice,expand the autonomy of college enrollment,increase the matching degree between college personnel training and industrial development,and realize the value transformation of college entrance examination policy from selection to combination of selection and educating people.In the complex implementation system of public policy,"choosing subjects and walking classes"is manifested in the practice of senior high schools as"choosing subjects is easier than walking classes",the evaluation results of senior high school students’comprehensive quality have not been really referenced in college enrollment practice,and some provinces have slowed down the pace of implementing the new college entrance examination policy.From the analysis of stakeholders in the change of college entrance examination policy,it is found that the advantages and disadvantages of policy influence are as follows:the local government’s policy implementation is more difficult,and the implementation effect is also limited by the decision-making space and professional mode of policy implementation;a breakthrough has been made in implementing the autonomy of college enrollment,and the"majors+universities"enrollment model gives colleges and universities space for specialization;the difficulty and intensity of high school teachers’work will increase in the short term,but their professional development will benefit from it in the long run;senior high school students have become the biggest beneficiaries of the new college entrance examination policy,and their individualized development needs have been met.In order to improve the paradigm of national public education policy in the future,it is necessary to balance the top-level design with the actual decision-making implementation of local governments.The new college entrance examination policy needs to clarify the decision-making authority of the central and local governments and clarify the framework of decentralization,cooperation and governance;educational governance must respect scientific laws and improve the national public education decision-making mechanism vertically;introduction of the evaluation of education policy implementation should be made,and the balance mechanism between decision-making and evaluation of public education policy implementation should be gradually established;the mechanism for social organizations to participate in and coordinate social governance should be improved,and people should be guided to participate in public education governance in an orderly manner;it is supposed to conform to the development trend of new public management and guide the decision-making system of new college entrance examination towards good education governance.