革命时代的“抒情”——重识抗战时期黄药眠的诗歌理论批评

“Lyricism”in the Revolutionary Years:Rediscovering HUANG Yaomian’s Criticism of the Poetry Theory during China’s Resistance War Against Japan

作为"革命型"的浪漫主义诗人、文论家,当抗战以来的诗歌创作陷入放逐情感的"口号空喊"与缺乏"生命情愫"的形式摹仿时,黄药眠通过重返中国古典诗史及其"抒情"传统,试图在历史的互动中谋求抗战诗歌与中国新诗的理论出路。正是从"抒情"的基调出发,黄药眠对抗战以来的诗歌进行了深入细读和理论批评,不仅在"革命"话语语境中明确提出"抒情诗论"的主张,还从诗"情"、诗"美"与诗的"形象化"三大抒情面相上进行了学理建构。黄药眠的诗歌理论批评在"革命"与"抒情"之间既坚持文艺的"内在规律性"和诗歌的"情感特质",又集中准确地阐明了文艺与政治的辩证关系,还较早地确立了诗歌批评的"审美标准"及"诗歌民族形式"的发展方向,并在针砭时弊中为抗战诗歌的健康发展指明了方向。在"革命"激进的政治话语语境中,黄药眠诗歌理论批评所发出的"抒情"声响,既蕴藏学理,又富于现实感,极具诗学特色和历史价值。

During the years of China’s Resistance War Against Japan,the poetry creation fell into those"empty slogans"and the form imitation which are lack of the"life emotion".According to the interaction with poetry’s history,HUANG Yaomian,a Romantic poet and"revolutionary"poetic theorist,returned to the history of Chinese classical poetry and its"Lyric tradition",trying to seek a theoretical outlet for Chinese New Poetry and the Poetry during China’s Resistance War Against Japan.On the basis of lyricism,HUANG Yaomian made in-depth reading and theoretical criticism of all those poetry since China’s Resistance War Against Japan.He not only put forward the clear idea of"Lyric Poetics"in the context of"revolution",but also constructed the theory from the three lyric aspects:the"emotion","beauty"and"visualization"of the poetry.Between"revolution"and"lyricism",HUANG Yaomian’s poetry criticism adheres to the"Inherent Law"of literature and the"emotional characteristics"of poetry.Also,he accurately clarifies the dialectical relationship between literature and politics.Besides,he’s one of those earliest theorists who establish the"aesthetic standards"of poetry criticism and the"National Poetry’s Form"as the direction of poetry development.His theory points out the right way for the poetry during the years of China’s Resistance War Against Japan.In the context of"revolution",HUANG Yaomian’s poetry theory criticism gives out a lyric sound which contains both academic theory and realistic significance.His theory shows the poetic characteristics and historical value of the times.