国外MD-MPH双学位项目对中国高层次应用型公共卫生人才培养的启示

The enlightenment of foreign MD-MPH double degree program to the cultivation of high-level applied public health talents in China

目的概括性综述国外现已开设的临床医学博士与公共卫生硕士(MD-MPH)双学位项目现状,以期为更好推进我国高层次应用型公共卫生人才培养提供循证决策证据。方法通过文献检索、网络信息获取和关键人物补充调查等方法,全面获取国外已开设MD-MPH双学位项目院校名单及项目相关介绍。提取项目的专业领域、核心能力、学制长度、学习时段安排、实习要求、毕业要求等方面信息,利用Python 3.8.0软件整理并分析各维度下相关细分条目出现频次。结果共纳入国外104所院校开设的99个MD-MPH项目。其中97.1%来自美国的高校;42.4%的项目(42/99)由本校公共卫生学院举办;流行病学为开设最多的MD-MPH的专业领域,占所有涉及专业数的12.0%(29/241);流行病学研究方法、卫生政策管理与实践、公共卫生实践为最主要需掌握的核心能力。在99个项目中,有87个项目介绍中包含MD-MPH项目的学制信息,其中74.7%(65/87)的项目为5年制,6.9%的项目(6/87)为4年制,18.4%的项目(16/87)为4年制和5年制兼有。结论国外MD-MPH项目已较为成熟,主要由公共卫生学院单独或与医学院联合举办,以流行病学为核心设置课程和能力培养目标,学制4-5年不等。我国高层次应用型公共卫生人才培养在借鉴国外MD-MPH项目经验的同时,应结合新时期医学发展背景,进一步完善医学教育体系,探索适合中国特色的MD-MPH双学位项目的人才培养模式。

Objective To understand the current status of foreign dual-degree programs of Medical Doctor(MD)and Master of Public Health(MPH)and provide evidence-based decision-making reference for promoting the education of high-level applied public health talents in China.Methods The list of involved institutions and information of foreign MD-MPH dual-degree programs was collected through literature retrieval,online information searching,and additional survey of key figures.We extracted the details of each project regarding professional fields,core competence,length of schooling,teaching and learning arrangement,internship eligibility,and graduation assessment.Python 3.8.0 was used for data cleaning,and the occurrence frequency of related items in each dimension was calculated.Results A total of 99 MD-MPH programs from 104 foreign institutions were included,among which 97.1%of them were implemented in universities from the United States.The School of Public Health provided 42.4%(42/99)of the programs.Epidemiology was the major discipline set up among most programs,accounting for 12.0%(29/241)of all the specialties involved.Epidemiological research methods,health policy management and practice,and public health practice were the top 3 core competencies to be mastered.Of the 99 programs,87 gave information on the length of the program,of which 74.7%(65/87)were five years,6.9%(6/87)were four years,and 18.4%(16/87)included both 4-year and 5-year programs.Conclusions The international MD-MPH programs were sophisticated and mainly organized by the School of Public Health alone or in conjunction with the School of Medicine.Epidemiology is the core course and competence objective,with a length of 4-5 years.Through learning experience from international MD-MPH programs and the Chinese unique medical development background,China should optimize its medical education system to develop a suitable talent training strategy for MD-MPH dual-degree programs in the new era.