秦汉“彭城”的交通地位

The Status of Pengcheng in the Transportation System of Qin and Han Dynasties

秦始皇时代位于咸阳与“秦东门”交通线.上的彭城,是秦始皇出行线路上的枢纽性坐标。彭城是徐州治县。秦汉之际,因楚怀王以彭城作为指挥中心,其重要的交通地位更得以显现。于是有“楚人起彭城”,“乘利席卷,威震天下”之说。项羽“都彭城”,是有战略眼光的决策。彭城在两汉交通体系中地位重要。从大彭城的视角看,这里是三辅、三河正东方向的另一经济文化重心。彭城地当东方海岸线中点位置,东海郡武库的规模可以说明其战略意义。在内河水运交通及海路交通系统中,彭城也占据重要的战略坐标点。东汉末期若干强势军阀集团的“徐州”“共争”,也说明彭城交通地位的优越。

Pengcheng, located between Qin’s capital and Qin’s eastern territorial entrance, was one of the transportation hubs along the route of Emperor Qin I’s(Qin ShiHuang’s) trip. Its geographical significance was still kept during the transition from Qin to Han as Huai Wang of Kingdom Chu selected it as a commanding center. Therefore, idioms like"insurrection begins in Pengcheng"and"conquer the world from Pengcheng"were created. Xiang Yu also made a strategical decision to choose Pengcheng as the capital. Grand Pengcheng/Grand Xuzhou, in a geographically greater sense, is an economic center east of Sanfu(three supporters, governors of capital and metropolitans) and Sanhe(three commanderies east, north and south the Yellow River). Due to its approximation to the central point of eastern China coastline, this city is the hub of land, inner river and sea transportation, and itsstrategical significance is further proved by the huge size of arsenal in Donghai Commandery. The geographical advantages of Xuzhou had become a consensus among warlords who fought for its control at the end of East Han Dynasty.