活化乡土聚落的空间营造方法探究——以松赞来古山居与黄河宿集·飞茑集预制装配式的模数体系与自然建造的双结构建筑实践为例

Methodology Research of Rural Vitalisation Through Architecture:A Double System of Prefabricated Modular Building Strategy and Perceptional Spatial Strategy of"Songtsam Laigu in Tibet"and"Stray Bird.Yellow River"

在乡土聚落的活化实践中,以建筑为媒介的古村落的振兴计划,往往需要通过有针对性地挖掘场地特征和地方传统,从而建造具有创造性、在地性的建筑形式。许多古村落位于生态环境敏感地区,它们极易受到不当开发与大规模建设活动的影响而产生负面的生态效应。而预制装配式建筑的集约化和散点状的两大组织方式,具有无需地基、异地生产、现场装配的建造特点,使其成为相较于一般建造,对于生态环境敏感地区损伤较小的建造方式。但是,预制装配式建筑较为单一的建筑形态与空间序列使得它在传承与延续乡土聚落的地方基因和空间体验等方面面临困境。为应对上述议题,本文基于自然建造的理念,在乡土聚落振兴的空间营造目标中,通过建筑实践研究,探究适合于预制装配式建筑的自然建造设计方法,形成一种紧密融合模块建造的集约结构与自然建造的叙事结构的双结构。本研究为生态敏感地区的村落振兴提供了实践参照,并细化探究了自然建造理念视域中,自地域文化转化空间形态的设计方法理论。

The revitalisation of villages through architecture requires targeted site characteristics and local morphology patterns to construct creative and local architectural forms. Many villages are situated in sensitive ecological environment, making them vulnerable to in appropriate intervention. The prefabricated building system’s off-site production and on-site assembly strategy, as well as both the "modular aggregation system" and "modular unitary system", making it a more preferable construction method adaptable to various site conditions. However, the lack of spatial intentions and creative gestures make it difficult to inherit local building patterns or enhance spatial experiences. In response to the above issues, and based on the concept of a double-layered system, in which adding spatial strategies including body explorations and visual sequences into the efficiency of modular system, this study explores the natural building design methods for prefabricated modular buildings and provides a practical reference for the revitalisation of villages in ecologically sensitive areas.