京西地区传统民居建筑特征及文化生态研究

Research on the Architectural Characteristics and Cultural Ecology of Traditional Dwellings in the West of Beijing

本文以京西传统民居为研究对象,从院落布局、建筑构成、文化生态3个层次进行详细而深入的解读。主要研究方法为实地测绘、工匠访谈等。通过归纳其类型变化,提炼其地域特征,分析其影响因素,认为京西传统民居院落布局以四合院为原型,并具有多种变化;建筑构成以抬梁式结构为基础,石材、砖材因材施用,尤以石板屋顶最具特色。这既是特殊地理环境的馈赠,也是多种文化融合的结果。

This paper takes the traditional dwellings in western Beijing as the research object, and makes a detailed interpretation from three levels: the layout of courtyards, the composition of buildings and cultural ecology. The main research methods are field surveying and craftsmen interviewing. By summarising the type changes, refining the regional characteristics and analysing the influencing factors, it is considered that the basic form of the traditional dwellings is quadrangle courtyard, and have many changes. The structure of the building is based on the beam-lifting structure. Stone and brick are used according to their aptitude, especially the slate roof. This is not only the gift of special geographical environment, but also the result of the blending of different cultures.