配方施肥对南洋楹无性系种子园种子产量和品质的影响

Effects of Formula Fertilization on Seed Yield and Quality in Clonal Seed Orchard of Paraserianthes falcataria

以我国首个南洋楹Paraserianthes falcataria(L.)Nielsen无性系种子园为对象,根据南洋楹种子园土壤养分状况和南洋楹树种生理生殖特征,采用6因子混合水平正交设计L 18(6^(1)×3^(5))设置了18种田间施肥试验组合对种子园母株进行施肥效应研究。结果发现,不同配方施肥处理后荚果重量和种子重量分别是对照(不施肥)的1.54~5.92倍和1.90~4.01倍,发芽率增幅达9.5%~75.7%。不同施肥元素对南洋楹产种量和种子品质相关指标的影响各不相同,一定范围内较高浓度的大量元素(N、P、K)及B肥有助于提高产种量指标,2种微量元素(B、Mo)及K肥对种子品质相关指标影响显著。综合分析认为,南洋楹种子园高产优质施肥配方为N_(3)P_(2)K_(2)B_(3)Mo_(2),即“每株施尿素400 g+过磷酸钙1000 g+氯化钾160 g+硼砂80 g+钼酸氨5 g”。

The experiment of formula fertilization was carried out in the clonal seed orchard of Paraserianthes falcataria(L.)Nielsen.According to the soil nutrient status and specie physiological characteristics,18 kinds of field fertilization combinations were set up by six-factor mixed horizontal orthogonal design L 18(6^(1)×3^(5)).The results showed that the pod weight and seed weight of P.falcataria applied with different fertilization treatments were 1.54~5.92 times and 1.90~4.01 times of the control(no fertilization),respectively.The germination rate of P.falcataria also increased by 9.5%~75.7%compared with the control.Different fertilization elements had different effects on the related indexes of seed yield and quality.Higher concentrations of N,P,K and B within a certain range could improve seed yield,and B,Mo and K had significant effects on the related indexes of seed quality.In conclusion,the high yield and quality fertilization formula was as follows:urea 400 g+calcium superphosphate 1000 g+potassium chloride 160 g+borax 80 g+ammonium molybdate 5 g for per plant.