CRISPR技术在改良植物抗病性中的应用

Application of CRISPR Technology in Improving Plant Disease Resistance

基因组编辑技术发展迅速,已成为植物抗病育种的重要手段之一。近年来,CRISPR(Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats,规律间隔成簇短回文重复序列)技术由于设计和操作简单、成功率高、通用性强、成本低以及遗传编辑之后不会造成外源基因污染等优点,被广泛应用于植物抗病基因改良。CRISPR由几个不连续的直接重复序列组成,具有切除入侵病毒和外源DNA,保护自身免受侵染的功能。本文综述了CRISPR技术在单子叶植物(水稻、小麦、玉米、香蕉)和双子叶植物(拟南芥、烟草、番茄)抗病基因改良中的应用,讨论其优缺点并展望其应用前景,以便促进该技术在改良植物抗病性中的应用。

With the rapid development of genome editing technology,it has become one of the important means of plant disease resistance breeding.In recent years,CRISPR technology has been widely used in plant disease resistance gene improvement due to its advantages of simple design and operation,high success rate,strong versatility,low cost,and no pollution of exogenous genes after genetic editing.CRISPR consists of several discontinuous direct repeat sequences,which have the function of removing invading viruses and foreign DNA and protecting itself from infection.This paper reviewed the application of CRISPR technology in the improvement of disease resistance genes of monocotyledons(rice,wheat,maize,banana)and dicotyledons(Arabidopsis thaliana,tobacco,tomato),discussed its advantages and disadvantages,and prospected its application prospect,so as to promote the application of CRISPR technology in the improvement of disease resistance of plants.