社会阶层地位对二孩生育意愿及生育行为的影响研究

The Impact of Social Stratification on the Willingness and Behavior to Have the Second Child

本研究基于中国社会综合调查2015年的数据,分析处于不同社会阶层个体的二孩生育意愿以及生育行为。具体来说,与农民阶层相比,其他社会阶层的二孩生育意愿以及二孩生育率都呈下降趋势。总体来看,社会阶层构架的两端,即农民阶层和管理者阶层表现出较高的二孩生育意愿和二孩生育转化率,专业技术阶层较低。对策建议为:一方面,政府仍然需要坚持以经济发展为中心,鼓励社会化托幼服务发展,减轻育龄家庭生育压力;完善相关社会保障制度,保障女性发展权利。另一方面,生育政策的制定更要切合群众需要,要给予较低社会阶层和中间阶层更多政策与公共服务支持,减轻其生育负担。

Based on the data of Chinese General Social Survey in 2015,the paper analyzes the second child bearing willingness and behavior of individuals in different social strata.Specifically,compared with the peasant class,the second child bearing willingness and the second child bearing rate of other social classes are on the decline.On the whole,the two ends of the social stratum structure that the peasant stratum and the manager stratum show higher second child bearing willingness and the second child bearing transformation rate,while the professional and technical stratum is lower.The countermeasures and suggestions are as follows:on the one hand,the government still needs to adhere to the economic development as the center,encourage the development of social nurseries and reduce the pressure of childbearing age families;improve the relevant social security system to protect women s development rights.On the other hand,the formulation of fertility policy should meet the needs of the masses,give more policy and public service support to the lower social class and the middle class,and reduce their fertility burden.