国际私法中弱者保护原则实证分析——以《中华人民共和国涉外民事关系法律适用法》第25、29、30条为中心

An Empirical Analysis of the Principle of Protecting the Weak in Private International Law——Focusing on Articles 25,29 and 30 of the Law on the Application of Law

弱者保护,尤其是对于父母子女、扶养和监护法律关系中的弱者保护,是我国在司法审判中不可避免的问题。司法实践表明,法院对父母子女关系、扶养和监护的范围拿捏不准;对于父母子女关系、扶养和监护案件援引冲突规范不一致且最后都以中国法作为准据法进行审理;忽视条文中所规定的有利于系属,选法随意且说理粗糙。建议通过厘清父母子女关系、扶养和监护的范围,并完善有利于原则的相关制度,如将当事人特定化、明确有利于的判断标准、完善外国法的查明途径、加强高校与法院合作,避免我国法院在审判此类案件的过程中出现所述问题。

The protection of the weak,especially the protection of the weak in the legal relationship between parents and children,maintenance and guardianship,is an inevitable problem in judicial trial in China.Judicial practice shows that the court is not sure about the relationship between parents and children,the scope of maintenance and guardianship;the conflict norms cited in the cases of parent-child relationship,maintenance and guardianship are inconsistent,and the Chinese law is finally used as the applicable law for trial;neglecting the provisions in favor of families,the selection method is random and the reasoning is rough.It is suggested to clarify the relationship between parents and children,the scope of maintenance and guardianship,and improve the relevant systems that are beneficial to the principle,such as specifying the parties,making clear the judgment criteria that are beneficial,improving the ways to find out foreign laws,strengthening the cooperation between universities and courts,and avoiding the problems mentioned in the trial of such cases in our courts.