超法定退休年龄人员再就业的用工关系研究——基于对50份司法裁判文书的分析

The Study on the Employment Relationship of People Beyond the Statutory Retirement Age for Reemployment

司法解释第32条第1款虽然沿用了享受养老保险待遇或退休金的超龄劳动者与用人单位构成劳务关系的观点,但司法实践并未依该规定统一认定超龄劳动者与用人单位之间的用工关系。其原因主要在于“按劳务关系处理”与实质劳动关系相悖,“养老保险待遇”范围不明确,以及能否“反推”认定劳动关系尚无定论。对此,可通过引入特殊劳动关系理论以代替“按劳务关系处理”,将“养老保险待遇”限缩解释为“城镇职工养老保险”,将既有司法解释规定扩张解释为可“反推”认定劳动关系等思路,调和司法解释规定与司法实践现状之间的偏差。

Paragraph 1 of Article 32 of the Judicial Interpretation adopts the view that the composition of over-age workers enjoying old-age insurance benefits or pension benefits and the employer is based on service relationship,but the judicial practice does not uniformly identify the employment relationship between over-age workers and the employer.The reasons include the contradiction between“treatment according to service relationship”and the actual labor relationship,the unclear scope of“pension insurance benefits”,and whether the“reverse deduction”can determine the labor relationship is still unclear.In this regard,we can solve the problem by introducing the theory of special labor relations instead of“treating according to service relations”,explaining the limited reduction of“pension insurance benefits”as“endowment insurance for urban workers”,and explaining the expansion of existing judicial interpretations as“backward deduction”to identify labor relations.