豫中南适宜延期机械粒收夏玉米杂交组合的综合评价

Comprehensive Evaluation on Summer Maize Hybrid Combinations Suitable for Delayed Mechanical Grain Harvest in Central and Southern Henan Province

以漯玉16等10个夏玉米杂交组合为材料,分析其生育期、抗倒指标(茎腐病发生率、茎秆抗倒折强度和穗位比),研究成熟后延期10d收获的籽粒指标(含水量、完好籽粒率和理论产量)及完好籽粒产量,旨在为筛选适合豫中南延期机械粒收的夏玉米杂交组合提供理论依据。结果表明,漯玉184、漯玉16、漯玉197、漯玉19和漯玉18的生育期比对照(郑单958)短且生育期<107d;漯玉16、漯玉197和漯玉184的茎秆抗倒折强度分别比对照高10.51%、8.92%、3.97%;漯玉197、漯玉16、漯玉184、漯玉186的穗位比分别比对照显著低12.68%、12.36%、11.82%、9.94%;漯玉184、漯玉16、漯玉197、漯玉183、漯玉19和漯玉18收获时的籽粒含水量分别比对照低18.31%、14.44%、5.99%、5.63%、3.17%和1.76%,差异显著且含水量<28%;漯玉16、漯玉197、漯玉184和漯玉18的完好籽粒率分别比对照高4.28%、3.73%、2.74%和1.75%,差异显著且完好率≥92%;漯玉16、漯玉197、漯玉19、漯玉18、漯玉186和漯玉184的完好籽粒产量分别比对照显著高6.92%、5.78%、3.69%、3.52%、3.06%和1.72%;成熟后延期10d收获条件下,由生育期、抗倒指标和籽粒指标构成的隶属函数值表现为:漯玉16>漯玉197>漯玉184>漯玉19>漯玉18>漯玉186>郑单958>漯玉181>漯玉183>漯玉182。综上,在豫中南光热条件下,漯玉16和漯玉197的生育期、抗倒指标、延期10d收获的籽粒指标和完好籽粒产量均达到机械粒收标准,可以延期机械粒收;漯玉184的理论产量偏低,但其完好籽粒产量较高,也可以进行延期机械粒收。

Ten summer maize hybrid combinations such as Luoyu 16 were postponed harvest for 10 days from maturity.The growth period,lodging resistance indicators(stem rot incidence,threshold value of stem breaking force and ear position coefficient),grain indicators(water content,intact grain rate and theoretical yield)and intact grain yield were analyzed to provide theoretical bases for selecting summer maize hybrid combinations suitable for delayed mechanical harvest in the central and southern Henan Province.The results showed that the growth period of Luoyu 184,Luoyu 16,Luoyu 197,Luoyu 19 and Luoyu 18 were shorter than that of the control(Zhengdan 958),and all were<107 days;the threshold value of stem breaking force of Luoyu 16,Luoyu 197 and Luoyu 184 were 10.51%,8.92%and 3.97%higher than that of the control(Zhengdan 958),respectively;the ear position coefficient of Luoyu 197,Luoyu 16,Luoyu 184 and Luoyu 186 were 12.68%,12.36%,11.82%and 9.94%lower than that of Zhengdan 958,respectively;the grain water content of Luoyu 184,Luoyu 16,Luoyu 197,Luoyu 183,Luoyu 19 and Luoyu 18 at harvest time were 18.31%,14.44%,5.99%,5.63%,3.17%and 1.76%lower than that of Zhengdan 958,respectively,and all were<28%with significant difference.The intact grain rate of Luoyu 16,Luoyu 197,Luoyu 184 and Luoyu 18 were 4.28%,3.73%,2.74%and 1.75%higher than that of Zhengdan 958 respectively,and all were≥92%with significant difference.The intact grain yield of Luoyu 16,Luoyu 197,Luoyu 19,Luoyu 18,Luoyu 186 and Luoyu 184 were 6.92%,5.78%,3.69%,3.52%,3.06%and 1.72%higher than that of Zhengdan 958,respectively.Under the condition of delaying harvest for 10 days after maturity,the membership function values composed of growth period,lodging resistance index and grain index showed as Luoyu 16>Luoyu 197>Luoyu 184>Luoyu 19>Luoyu 18>Luoyu 186>Zhengdan 958>Luoyu 181>Luoyu 183>Luoyu 182.In conclusion,under the conditions of light and heat in the central and southern Henan,the growth period,lodging resistance indicator,grain indicators of delayed harvest for 10 days and intact grain yield of Luoyu 16 and Luoyu 197 reached the standards of mechanical harvest,so delayed mechanical grain harvest could conduct for them.Luoyu 184 had lower theoretical yield but higher intact grain yield,so it also adapted to delayed mechanical grain harvest.