不同冬小麦品种拔节期低温生理生化反应及其灰色关联度分析

Physiological and Biochemical Reactions of Different Winter Wheat Varieties at Jointing Stage under Low Temperature and Their Grey Correlation Analysis

近年来黄淮麦区春季低温频繁发生,严重影响小麦产量。为了探究拔节期低温对小麦生理生化和产量的影响,本试验以漯麦163、漯麦6010、郑麦9023(对照)和偃展4110共4个小麦品种为材料,研究其在低温胁迫下叶片中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量等生理生化指标的变化,并且测定其单株产量。结果表明,持续低温胁迫下,供试小麦品种叶片中的SOD、POD、CAT活性和MDA、可溶性蛋白、脯氨酸含量,与常温对照相比,均有不同程度的提高,漯麦6010和漯麦163各指标显著提高。随着低温胁迫时间延长,漯麦163的保护酶活性(SOD、POD、CAT)持续提高,表现出较强的抗寒性;除偃展4110外,各品种MDA含量呈现上升趋势。低温处理至第3天和第4天,除郑麦9023外,其余3个品种可溶性蛋白含量均缓慢增长;低温胁迫下,4个小麦品种的脯氨酸含量呈现先升后降再升的趋势。与常温对照相比,各小麦品种的成穗数和穗粒数均显著下降,不孕小穗数均显著上升,单株产量显著降低。研究发现,漯麦163和漯麦6010属于抗寒性较强的品种,而郑麦9023和偃展4110属于抗寒性较弱的品种。灰色关联度分析表明,脯氨酸和可溶性蛋白含量与小麦产量降幅的关联度最大。

Low temperature stress occures frequently in spring in the Huanghe-Huaihe River Valley,which seriously affects wheat yield.This paper aimed at probing the effect of low temperature stress at jointing stage on biochemical parameters and grain yield of wheat.Four cultivars as Luomai 163,Luomai 6010,Zhengmai 9023(CK)and Yanzhan 4110 were taken as test materials.The activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD)and catalase(CAT),and the contents of MDA,soluble protein and proline were determined,and also the yield per plant.The results showed that under low temperature stress,the activities of SOD,POD and CAT and the contents of MDA,soluble protein and proline increased at different levels compared with the normal temperature treatment,and those of Luomai 6010 and Luomai 163 increased significantly.With the extension of low temperature stress,the protective enzyme activities(SOD,POD,CAT)of Luomai 163 increased continuously,showing stronger cold resistance.Except Yanzhan 4110,the MDA content of the tested varieties showed an upward trend.Except Zhengmai 9023,the soluble protein of the other three varieties increased slowly in the 3 and 4 days after low-temperature treatment.The proline content of the four wheat varieties showed a trend of first rising then falling and then rising.Compared with normal temeprature treatment,the number of spikes and grains per spike decreased significantly,the number of sterile spikelets increased significantly,and the yield per plant decreased significantly.It was found that Luomai 163 and Luomai 6010 belonged to varieties with strong cold resistance,while Zhengmai 9023 and Yanzhan 4110 belonged to varieties with weak cold resistance.Grey correlation analysis showed that soluble protein and proline contents had the greatest correlation with the decline of wheat yield.