山东省智慧农业生产效率空间格局及影响因素分析

Spatial Patterns and Influencing Factors of Smart Agriculture’ Production Efficiency in Shandong Province

智慧农业是物联网、大数据等现代信息技术与农业深度融合的新型农业发展方式,在促进农民增收、转变农业发展方式以及推动农业高效可持续发展等方面都有重要意义。本研究选取山东省2009—2019年各地区的面板数据,运用超效率SBM模型测算山东省智慧农业生产效率,并采用ESDA方法分析空间演化趋势,再建立Tobit模型探讨其影响因素。结果显示:山东省各地区智慧农业发展不均衡,且存在明显空间差异特征,整体呈现“东西方向和南北方向先下降后升高”的空间格局变化趋势。技术进步与智慧农业生产效率之间存在“倒U型”库兹涅茨曲线关系,农业机械密度、农业规模化水平、城镇化率、工业化水平对山东省智慧农业生产效率具有显著促进作用,财政支农水平和种植结构具有显著负向效应,不同地区农业生产效率之间存在溢出或集聚效应。最后根据相应的结论提出山东省应加快落后地区农业基础设施建设、加强科技研发投入等政策建议。

Smart agriculture is a new type of agricultural development that integrates modern information technologies such as the Internet of Things and big data.It is of great significance in promoting farmers’income,transforming agricultural development methods and promoting the efficient and sustainable development of agriculture.In the article,we selected the panel data of each region in Shandong Province from 2009 to 2019,used the super-efficiency SBM model to measure the production efficiency of smart agriculture in Shandong Province,used the ESDA method to analyze the spatial evolution trend,and then established a Tobit model to discuss influencing factors.The results showed that the development of smart agriculture in various regions of Shandong Province was uneven,and there were obvious spatial differences.The overall trend of spatial pattern change was first declining and then rising in the east-west direction and north-south direction.There was an“inverted U-shaped”Kuznets curve relationship between technological progress and smart agricultural production efficiency.The density of agricultural machinery,the level of agricultural scale,the rate of urbanization and the level of industrialization had significant roles in promoting the production efficiency of smart agriculture in Shandong Province.Agriculture support level and planting structure had significantly negative effects,and there were spillover or agglomeration effects in agricultural production efficiency between different regions.Finally,according to the corresponding conclusions,it was proposed that Shandong Province should speed up the construction of agricultural infrastructure in backward areas and strengthen the investment in scientific and technological research and development.