中国海洋生态系统累积影响的空间量化评估

Spatial assessment of cumulative impact on China’s marine ecosystems

海洋生态系统累积影响评估是科学认知该系统对外界扰动响应与反馈规律的生态学方法。为了探索和揭示其中的内在规律,本文以我国部分近陆海域为研究范围,选取海洋渔业、海洋航运、陆源及近海、气候变化4种类型下的16个生态压力因子,通过空间量化和标准化,在1 km×1 km空间格栅尺度下,针对研究范围内9种海洋生境类型,进行了累积暴露度和累积影响度评估。结果显示:研究海域累积暴露度总体呈现近岸高于远海,并向外海一侧逐步递减;陆源污染、渔业捕捞对近岸海域生态系统影响度较大,总体来看气候变化影响度最大;我国近海分别有22.8%和7.6%的海域受影响程度较高和极高,其中长三角海域受人类活动影响度最高。

The cumulative human impact assessment of marine ecosystems is an ecological method to scientifically recognize the response and feedback laws of the system to external disturbances.In order to explore and reveal the inherent mechanisms,the region of coastal seas of China as the research scope in this article,selecting 16 ecologic-al factors in four aspects,marine fishery,marine shipping,land-based and offshore pressures,and climate change.And by spatial quantization and standardization,the cumulative exposure and impact assessment of the 9 marine habitat types in the study area are carried out under the 1 km×1 km spatial grid scale.The results show that the cu-mulative exposure in the study area is generally higher in the coastal seas than in the pelagic,and gradually de-creases to the far ocean;the coastal seas ecosystem is mainly affected by land-based pollution and fishing,and over-all climate change contributes the most;22.8%and 7.6%of China’s coastal seas are respectively highly and ex-tremely highly affected,among which the Changjiang River Delta is the most affected by human activities.