汉语和泰语声调对比研究及对泰声调教学建议

A Comparative Study of Tones in Chinese and Thai and Suggestions for Chinese Tone Teaching in Thailand

汉语和泰语同为汉藏语系,都是有声调的语言。两者既有许多共同之处,又差异巨大,这些异同处容易引起泰国汉语学习者在声调上的混淆,产生语音偏误。论文首先对汉语和泰语的声调进行概述;再从声调的调型、标调规则和变调规律出发,比较汉语、泰语声调的异同,分析泰国汉语学习者语音偏误,发现泰国学生容易用泰语声调系统来代替汉语声调;最后从对外汉语教学的角度出发,提出对外汉语教师要善于使用对比教学法,结合泰国学习者的语音特点,找出汉语声调相较于泰语声调的区别性特征,有针对性地进行对泰声调教学;同时结合对比听辨法、音乐辅助法和图表法等方法,促进对泰汉语声调教学的发展。

Both Chinese and Thai belong to Sino Tibetan language family and are tonal languages.They have a lot in common,but also have great differences.These similarities and differences are likely to cause Thai Chinese learners to be confused in tone,resulting in phonetic errors.Firstly the tone of Chinese and Thai is analyzed,then the similarities and differences of tones between Chinese and Thai is compared,and the phonetic error of Chinese learners in Thailand is analyzed from the aspects of tone pattern,tone regulation and the rules of the changeable tones.It is found that Thai students tend to use Thai tone system instead of Chinese tone.Finally,from the view of teaching Chinese as a foreign language,this paper suggests that TCSL teachers should be good at using the contrastive teaching method combining with the phonetic characteristics of Thai learners,so that to find out the distinguishing characteristics of Chinese tone compared with Thai tone,and teach Chinese tone to Thai students appropriately.At the same time,the tone teaching in Thai can be promoted by combining the methods of contrastive listening,music assistant and chart.