论中国近代宪法发展进程中的警察制度

An Study on the Police System in the Development of Modern Chinese Constitution

中国近代宪法自清末至中华人民共和国成立,经历了一段命运多舛曲折反复的探索历程,这其中经历了从宪法权威是最高权威的确认到实践以及最终被根本否定的过程。而蕴含在宪法政治体系设计框架中的警察制度亦经历了从初创到成型再到失衡发展的艰难历程,最终沦落为政府镇压异己和民众的统治工具。这种发展折射出制宪进程中警察制度与宪法的契合度、定位的准确度、发展路径的均衡度等存在的内在规律性问题。对其分析研究或可为当前我国警察制度建设提供可借鉴的经验与教训。

From the end of Qing Dynasty to the founding of People’s Republic of China,the modern Chinese constitution has experienced a tough period of exploration from the confirmation of the supreme authority to the practice and the ultimate denial of constitutional authority.The police system in the framework of the constitutional political system has been through a difficult process from initial creation,formation,unbalanced development and finally reduced to a ruling tool for the government to suppress the dissidents and the people.This development reflects the inherent regularity in the process of constitution-making,such as the correspondence between the police system and the constitution,the accuracy of orientation and the balance of the development path.The analysis and study of it may provide the experience and lessons for the current police system construction of our country.