人类体外胚胎的立法规制探讨

Discussion on Attribution and Legislative Regulation of Human in Vitro Embryo

人类体外胚胎相关制度的发展面临着伦理和法律的双重挑战,我国立法在人类体外胚胎方面还不完善,与实践需求相比具有滞后性。将人类体外胚胎定性为特殊物既能维护人、物二分法律体系,将其作为物用于医学研究、捐赠和销毁,还能在一定程度上维护人类体外胚胎的人格权益。我国《民法典》明确了人体胚胎有关医学科研活动的基本原则,在此基础上还应对人类体外胚胎的所有权归属以及处分进行规定和限制,从而为人类体外胚胎的保护以及司法实践提供法律依据。

The development of human in vitro embryo related system is facing the dual challenges of ethics and law.The legislation of human in vitro embryo in China is far from perfect,which lags behind the practical needs.To classify human embryos in vitro as special things can not only protect the legal system of human beings and things,when it is used for medical research,donation and destruction,it can also protect the personality rights and interests of human embryos in vitro to a certain extent.China’s civil code defines the basic principles of medical research activities related to human embryos.On this basis,the ownership and disposal of human embryos in vitro should be regulated and restricted,so as to provide legal basis for the protection of human embryos in vitro and judicial practice.