美国适应体育教育政策演进的历程、特征及启示

Progress,Features and Enlightenment of American Adaptive P.E.Policy

美国从建国初期至今共历经了“隔离排斥、冲突博弈、回归主流和协同联动”四个演进阶段,契合了美国社会发展进程与本土公民对残障学生的态度变化。依法保障残障学生体育权利、积极开发符合适应体育需求的学生体育活动和协同共享推进适应体育教育是美国适应体育教育政策的主要特点。我国适应体育教育政策应着重强调“以人文本”的理念,满足新时代残障学生的体育需求;凸显政策服务理念,实施体质测试与个别化教育评价相融合;发挥政策目标导向作用,研制适应体育教育、教师评估标准;精确分类与精准执行,完善适应体育教育机制。

U.S.has experienced four stages of segregation,conflict,regression and interaction,which is in accordance with the American social development and the attitude change of the Americans with the handicapped students.The main features of the American adaptive P.E.Policy include guarentee of handicapped students’sports right with law,exploration of appropriate sports activities and cooperation in promoting P.E.In U.S..The adaptive P.E.Policy in China should focus on the human orientation concept,satisfy the sports needs of the handicapped students,integrate the physical test with the individual education,design the teacher evaluation standard and improve the adaptive P.E.System.