日本国家公务员标准职务遂行与治理能力建设

Construction of the Standard Job Execution and Governance Capacity of Japanese National Civil Service

随着时代变迁和经济社会环境变化,日本确立了国民至上的公务员基本规范和政治中立、公平公正行政的公务员基本职业能力要求。建立在民主价值和效率价值基础之上的日本国家公务员能力建设,最为核心和基础性的内容为“标准职务遂行能力”的制定,以及为适应“行政需求”的变化而完善人事行政。公务员能力建设被视为一项公务员队伍的基础建设,并应用到多项公务员管理政策之中。在分析日本公务员能力建设发展历程和当前公务员能力建设实践的基础上,总结日本国家公务员治理能力的总体特征和体系框架,进一步分析出日本公务员治理能力的未来发展趋势,为中国的改革发展提供参考。

In response to changes in the times and the economic and social environment,Japan has established the basic norms for civil servants which“put the nation first”,and the basic professional competencies for civil servants that are politically neutral,fair and impartial in administration.Based on the values of democracy and efficiency,the core and fundamental elements of the national civil service capacity construction in Japan are the development of the so-called“standard job performance capabilities”and the improvement of personnel administration to meet the changes in administrative needs.Civil service capacity construction is regarded as fundamental in civil service,and has been applied to many civil service management policies.Based on the analysis of the development and current practice of civil service capacity construction in Japan,this paper summarizes the general characteristics and system framework of the national civil service governance capacity in Japan,and further analyzes its future development trend to provide reference for the reform and development in China.