不同收获期对豫东地区夏玉米机械粒收质量的影响

Effects of different harvesting date on mechanical grain-harvesting quality of summer maize in Eastern Henan

为分析不同收获期对豫东地区夏玉米机械粒收质量的影响,选取豫东地区6个主栽夏玉米品种作为试验材料,研究4个不同收获期对夏玉米机械粒收质量指标(破碎率、杂质率、落粒损失率、落穗损失率和总损失率)的影响,并分析不同收获期籽粒含水率与这些指标间的相关关系。结果表明,品种、收获期、品种×收获期都能显著影响籽粒破碎率、杂质率和总损失率,F值的排序都表现为收获期>品种>品种×收获期。收获期的推迟可显著降低机械粒收的破碎率、杂质率,但如果过度推迟收获期,会使总损失率极显著提高。通过分析籽粒含水率与机械粒收质量指标间的相关关系及拟合方程看出,选择适宜的籽粒含水率可以提高机械粒收的质量水平,在豫东地区6月10日播期条件下适宜机械粒收的籽粒含水率为24.80%~29.80%,适宜收获期为9月30日-10月7日,较该地区传统收获时间推迟7~10 d。

In order to study the impact of different harvesting date on mechanical grain-harvesting quality of summer maize in Eastern Henan,six main summer maize varieties in Eastern Henan were selected as materials to study the effects of four different harvesting dates on the mechanical grain-harvesting quality indicators(broken rate,impurity rate,grain loss rate,ear loss rate and total grain loss rate).In addition,the correlation between the moisture content of the grain and the mechanical grain-harvesting quality indicators was analyzed.The results showed that broken rate,impurity rate and total grain loss rate were significantly affected by variety,harvesting date and interaction between variety and harvesting date,the F value followed the order of harvesting date>variety>the interaction between variety and harvesting date.The postponement of the harvest date could significantly reduce broken rate and impurity rate.However,if the harvest date was excessively postponed,the total grain loss rate would increase significantly.Through the analysis of the correlation and the fitting equations between grain moisture content and the mechanical grain-harvesting quality indicators,it was found that choosing suitable grain moisture content could improve the quality of mechanical grain-harvesting.Under the condition of sowing date June 10 in Eastern Henan,the suitable grain moisture content ranged from 24.87%to 29.80%,and the suitable date of mechanical grain-harvesting was about September 30 to October 7,which could be delayed 7-10 days compared with the traditional harvesting date in this area.