花香型古树滇红茶挥发物质气相色谱分析

Gas chromatography analysis of volatile matter from Yunnan black tea with flower fragrance made from old trees

为探索花香型古树滇红茶的香气物质以及各种挥发性物质,本研究结合同时蒸馏萃取法与气相色谱仪分析方法,并辅以感官评价进行分析。经过蒸馏、萃取和浓缩等操作后,对获取的滇红茶浓缩萃取液进行后续分析。感官评价结果表明该滇红茶浓缩萃取液主体的感官香味轮廓为花香,并且带有甜香和青草香的余味,整体呈现出浓郁的玫瑰花香气味。气相色谱仪分析鉴定出了12种关键成分,包括1种醛类、6种醇类、1种酮类、1种酯类以及苯乙腈、吲哚、2,4-二丁基-苯酚。在花香型古树滇红茶香味中起决定性作用的4种物质分别是苯乙醛、芳樟醇、芳樟醇氧化物和吲哚。从香气强度值来看,具有较强香味的物质包括苯乙醛、苯甲醇、芳樟醇、香叶醇和β-紫罗兰酮等。上述结果为研究古树滇红茶挥发性物质和风味提供了基础。

To explore the aroma substances and various volatile substances of Yunnan black tea with flower fragrance made from old trees,methods of simultaneous distillation-extraction and gas chromatography(GC)analysis were combined in the research,coupled with sensory evaluation.After distillation,extraction and concentration,the concentrated extract of Yunnan black tea was analyzed subsequently.The sensory evaluation results showed that the main sensorial aroma outline of the concentrated extract of Yunnan black tea was flower fragrance,supplemented by sweet and green grass fragrance.In the whole,the concentrated extract of Yunnan black tea showed rose fragrance.Twelve key components were identified by gas chromatography,including one aldehyde,six alcohols,one ketone,one lipid and phenylacetonitrile,indole,2,4-dibutyl-phenol.Four substances that played decisive roles in the aroma of Yunnan black tea with flower fragrance made from old trees were phenylacetaldehyde,linalool,linalool oxide and indole respectively.From the perspective of aroma intensity,the components with strong aroma included phenylacetaldehyde,benzyl alcohol,linalol,geraniol andβ-ionone,etc.The above results provide the foundation for the study of volatile substances and flavor of Yunnan black tea made from old trees.