苏联及当代俄罗斯的丹尼列夫斯基研究

Studies of N.Ya.Danilevsky’s Cultural Theory in Soviet and Contemporary Russia

丹尼列夫斯基的文化历史类型理论在苏联后期和当代俄罗斯哲学界受到持续关注。苏联学者对该理论进行了详细梳理,考察了其严谨性与科学性,并在思想史层面探究了其理论源流与思想背景,奠定了当代俄罗斯丹尼列夫斯基研究的基础。20世纪90年代以来,丹氏的作品在俄罗斯哲学界的接受度提高,文化历史类型理论中多线发展的历史观、地区性文明模型等独特思想得到梳理,学者从形而上学前提、认识论与方法论立场、思想史源流等角度考察该理论,客观地探讨了其作为一种文明研究方法的内在矛盾与缺陷。然而,部分学者自身的思想倾向导致研究中出现片面化和自相矛盾的情况。

N.Ya.Danilevsky’s theory of cultural-historical types received sustained attention in the late Soviet and contemporary Russian philosophical circles.Soviet scholars made a detailed study of the theory,examined its scientific rigour,and explored its theoretical origin and ideological background,thus laid the foundation of Danilevsky's studies in contemporary Russia.Since the 1990s,Danilevsky's works,as well as some unique ideas in the theory of cultural-historical types,such as the view of multiple lines of historical development and the model of regional civilization,have been more widely accepted in the Russian philosophical community,.Scholars examined the theory from the perspectives of metaphysical premises,epistemological and methodological positions,and intellectual-historical origins,objectively exploring its inherent contradictions and defects as a method of civilization studies.However,some scholars’own ideological tendencies have led to one-sidedness and self-contradiction in their research.