不当解雇保护制度建构研究

Research on the Construction of Improper Dismissal Protection System

从不当解雇保护理论来看,我国不当解雇的学理内涵不够明晰,现有不当解雇保护制度缺乏对不当解雇的直接规定,且存在解雇事由清单化、相关法条规定缺失(如缺乏禁止反社会性不当解雇的规定)、救济措施适用不当、工会保护存于表面等缺陷。考察德国不当解雇保护的立法规定,借鉴其以《解雇保护法》为核心的法律制度体系,可对完善我国不当解雇保护的立法规定、法律救济和规范监督有所助益。具体而言,应构建体系范式,明确解雇事由的内涵和外延;结合实体性规定和程序性规定,加强反社会性不当解雇的立法保障和司法救济;参照国际通行做法,根据不当解雇类型的不同设计不同的救济措施;通过改变组织财政形式保障工会的独立地位,强化工会对不当解雇的保护作用。

From the perspective of improper dismissal protection theory,the theoretical connotation of the improper dismissal is not clear in China.The existing improper dismissal protection system also doesn’t have a rule that directly defines improper dismissal.The reasons of dismissal are subject to the checklist paradigm,and there is a lack of relevant law regulations,such as the prohibiting provision of antisocial improper dismissal.What’s more,the relief measures of improper dismissal are used improperly,and the protection of labor unions is just an empty shell.Studying the legislation of protection of improper dismissal in Germany and drawing lessons from its legal system which based on the German KSchG is helpful to improve China’s legislation,legal remedy and normative supervision of improper dismissal protection.For example,it is necessary to construct a system model to clarify the connotation and extension of the reasons of dismissal,and to enhance the legislative guarantee and judicial remedy of antisocial improper dismissal by the combination of substantive and procedural provisions.We can design different relief measures of different types of improper dismissal according to the international practice.Also,the independent status of the labor union should be guaranteed by transforming its financial and organizational form,on which basis the protective role of the labor union on improper dismissal can be realized.