档案所见南京国民政府时期关中水力加工业的生存困境——以泾惠、渭惠、梅惠三渠为中心

Survival Dilemma of Guanzhong Hydraulic Processing Industry in the Period of Nanjing National Government Revealed in Archives:Taking Jinghui,Weihui and Meihui Canals as Examples

本文依据档案资料,以关中三惠渠为例,旨在勾勒水力加工业的生境以反映南京国民政府时期水力加工业之实情。文章认为,随着“关中八惠”渠成之际,水力加工业似复兴,但仍以“旧式”工业为主,故其发展程度有限;水力加工业在面临水资源短缺的自然背景、诸多不利的社会经济因素的冲击以及担负额外义务的处境下,采取如木炭发动机,增加闸板、板坝,延长水道等以解决动力不足,亦有通过产品换原料,或将工业转让、变卖、改组及转型等,虽暂时缓解自身困难,但只是权宜之计,水力加工业衰落已成实情。

According to the archives,this paper takes three channels in Guanzhong as examples to outline the survival status of the hydraulic processing industry and to reflect the actual situation in the period of Nanjing National Government.It holds that as the"eight channels of benefiting people in Guanzhong"came into being,although the hydraulic processing industry revived,but they were still dominated by"old-style"industries,so the degree of development in the period of Nanjing National Government was limited.Faced with the natural background of shortage of water resources,the impact of many unfavorable social and economic factors and the situation of taking on additional obligations,the water conservancy processing industry adopted such measures as charcoal engines,adding flashboards,dams,extending waterways,etc.to solve the lack of power,and also exchanged products for raw materials,or transferred,sold,reorganized and transformed industries,etc.Although these temporarily eased its own difficulties,these were only expedient measures and the decline of the hydro-processing industry became a reality.