宋代士人食素现象析议

Analysis of the Phenomenon of Vegetarianism Among Intellectuals in the Song Dynasty

与前代相比,宋代饮食发生了一些变化,最突出的特点之一就是士人食素现象增多。这种变化的出现主要有两方面原因:一、宋代士人将素食作为追求生活品质的重要手段,认为素食可以养生。宋代食素士人的平均寿命要高出普通士人9.5岁左右,这应当得益于他们良好的素食习惯。二、素食在宋代更多的是一种象征意义,追求素食就是追求清高淡泊的品行,对于生命品质的渴望已经超越了生活品质的低级需求,成为宋代士人食素的深层原因。各地士人追求生命品质的层次是不同的,这种差异还体现在地域分布上,南方地区士人食素现象要多于北方,且主要集中在闽、赣、皖一带。

Compared with the previous generation,some changes took place in the diet culture of the Song Dynasty.One of the most prominent features was the increase in the phenomenon that intellectuals ate plants.There were two main reasons for this change.First,the scholars in the Song Dynasty regarded vegetarian food as an important means of pursuing the quality of life,and believed that vegetarian food could be kept alive.The average life expectancy of the vegetarians in the Song Dynasty was about 9 and half of years old than the ordinary people,which should be attributed to their good habits of vegetarianism.Second,the vegetarianism in Song Dynasty was more of symbolic significance,which was a lofty pursuit.And the longing for the quality of life went beyond the low quality of life,which became the deeper reason for the vegetarianism of the Song scholars.The pursuit of quality of life around the level was different and also reflected in the regional distribution.The vegetarian phenomenon in the south was more common than the north,and mainly in Fujian,Jiangxi and Anhui provinces.