什么因素影响中学生的科学职业期望

What Factors Affect High School Students’ Scientific Career Expectations

研究以1340名高一学生为研究对象,采用问卷法,调查学校教育、非正式教育、社会支持、媒体等环境因素对中学生科学职业期望的影响,探讨环境因素与中学生的科学自我效能感、科学职业认知及科学职业期望的关系。结果发现:(1)研究对象的科学职业期望不高;(2)环境因素(包括学校教育、非正式教育、社会支持、媒体)对中学生科学职业期望存在显著正向影响;(3)中学生的科学自我效能感和科学职业认知在环境因素和科学职业期望之间的中介效果显著,且科学自我效能感—科学职业认知的链式中介效果也显著。研究表明:环境因素在激发中学生的科学自我效能感和科学职业认知方面发挥着重要作用,进而影响中学生的科学职业期望。学校、社会等主体可通过营造积极的价值导向、强化社会支持、丰富非正式环境中的科学教育、推进STEM教育、促进职业生涯教育和科学教育等手段来提升中学生的科学自我效能感和科学职业认知,进而提升中学生的科学职业期望。

Taking 1340 senior high school students in Hunan province as the research object,and using questionnaire method,this paper investigates the influence of school education,informal education,social support,media and other environmental factors on middle school students’scientific career expectation,and explores the relationship between environmental factors and middle school students’scientific self-efficacy,scientific career cognition and scientific career expectation.The results show that:(1)the scientific career expectation of the research object is not high;(2)environmental factors(including school education,informal education,social support and media)have a significant positive impact on students’scientific career expectation;(3)the mediating effect between environmental factors and scientific career expectation is significant;moreover,the chain mediating effect of scientific self-efficacy-scientific professional cognition is also significant.The research shows that environmental factors play an important role in stimulating middle school students’scientific self-efficacy and scientific career cognition,and then affect middle school students’scientific career expectation.Schools and society can enhance students’scientific self-efficacy and scientific career awareness by creating positive value orientation,strengthening social support,enriching science education in informal environment,promoting STEM education,promoting career education and science education,so as to enhance students’scientific career expectation.