高校管理中的法律风险与防范——以人事与学生管理纠纷案件为分析中心

The Legal Risk and Prevention in University Management——Taking the Dispute Cases of Personnel and Student Management as the Analysis Center

自1998年《高等教育法》颁布以来,高校作为面向社会依法自主办学的法人实体的地位逐步明确,与此相伴而生的是高校管理中法律风险的增加。通过具体分析高校人事与学生管理纠纷的案件,供高校借鉴,以期高校能更好地防范高校管理中的法律风险,保护师生权益。对部分高校败诉典型案件的分析发现,双方争议的焦点包括:服务期约定和违约金数额的设定与教师择业自由之间的冲突、认定事实是否清楚以及证据是否确凿、校纪校规的合法性与高校适用法律是否正确、高校管理行为的程序正当及其合比例性等。应通过外部驱动机制与内部治理机制之间的协同合作与优势互补,建立健全高校自主办学法律风险的防范机制,提升高校依法自主办学能力,促进高校办学自主权的法治化运行。

Since the promulgation of Higher Education Law in 1998,the status of colleges and universities as legal entities facing the society and running schools independently according to law has been gradually clarified,accompanied by the increase of legal risks in the management of colleges and universities.This study focuses on the dispute cases of personnel and student management in colleges and universities,in order to better realize the prevention of legal risks and the legal protection of the rights and interests of teachers and students.Through the analysis of typical cases in which some colleges and universities lost,it can be found that the focus of dispute between the two sides includes:the conflict between the settings of service agreement and the amount of liquidated damages and teachers’freedom of choosing jobs,the clarity of the facts and the validity of evidence,the legitimacy of the rules of universities and the correctness of the applicable laws,the legitimacy and proportionality of the process of university administration,etc.Through the cooperation and complementarity between the external driving mechanisms and the internal governance mechanisms,we should establish and improve the prevention mechanisms of the legal risk of running a university independently,improve the ability of universities to operate independently according to law,and promote the legalized operation of university autonomy.