大学生求职过程中人力资本与社会资本的互动分析——基于“理想类型”视角的个案叙事

An Analysis of the Interaction between Human Capital and Social Capital inthe Process of College Students’ Job Hunting——A Case Narrative Based on the Perspective of “Ideal Type”

研究基于马克斯·韦伯的“理想类型”分析视角,采用叙事研究,分析了大学生求职过程中人力资本与社会资本的影响“孰强孰弱”和“互动关系”两个问题。研究发现,大学生拥有人力资本与社会资本结构的“理想类型”有五种:人力资本与社会资本双低型、高社会资本型、高人力资本型、人力资本与社会资本双高型、人力资本与社会资本一般型。大学生求职“嵌入”自身的资本结构之中,人力资本与社会资本对其求职影响的强弱一定程度上由其资本结构决定。五种“理想类型”资本结构中,人力资本与社会资本对大学生求职的影响分别是两者皆弱、社会资本强、人力资本强、两者皆强和时强时弱。大学生也会根据求职场域进行策略性资本互动以打破既有资本结构对自身求职活动的制约。五种“理想类型”中,人力资本与社会资本的互动关系分别为互相抑制、高替代低、高替代低、嵌入共生和彼此转化。

Based on the analysis perspective of Marx Weber’s“ideal type”,using narrative research method,this paper analyzes two issues of“which is stronger and which is weaker”and“the interactive relationship”between human capital and social capital in the process of college students’job hunting.It is found that there are five“ideal types”of human capital and social capital structure of college students:double low type of human capital and social capital,high social capital type,high human capital type,double high type of human capital and social capital,and general type of human capital and social capital.College students’job hunting is“embedded”in their own capital structure,and the strength of the influence of human capital and social capital on their job hunting is determined to a certain extent by their own capital structure.In the five“ideal types”of capital structure,the influence of human capital and social capital on college students’job hunting are as follow:weak in both,strong in social capital,strong in human capital,strong in both,and sometimes strong and sometimes weak.College students will carry out strategic capital interaction according to the field of job hunting in order to break the restriction of the existing capital structure on their job hunting activities.In the five“ideal types”,the interactive relationship between human capital and social capital is respectively mutual suppression,high substitutes low,high substitutes low,embedded symbiosis and mutual transformation.